Prasanna

“The Tiger in the Tunnel” is a short story written by Ruskin Bond. It’s a poignant tale set in rural India that explores themes of bravery, determination, and the connection between humans and nature.

The Tiger in the Tunnel Summary

The Tiger in the Tunnel Introduction:

This story tells us about a man named Baldeo who worked as a watchman at a small railway station. This station was, in fact, a small hut which had a thick forest at its back. Next to this station there was a deep cutting that led to the tunnel.

The trains stopped at this station for only a few seconds before entering the deep cutting. Baldeo did the job of giving signals whether the tunnel was clear or not. At night, it was his duty to see that the lamp was burning at the signal post and that the overland mail passed through safely.

One night, as usual, he went to the tunnel to see if the lamp at the signal post was still alight. There he was attacked by a tiger. Baldeo faced the tiger bravely, but he was killed in this encounter. However, he had hit the tiger with his axe so hard that the tiger could hardly walk.

He could not get out of the tunnel quickly when the train arrived there. And eventually, the tiger too was killed. Baldeo’s family was plunged in grief. But his son who was only twelve years old did not allow grief to emasculate him. He decided to face the life bravely and took over the responsibility of his family.

The Tiger in the Tunnel Summary in English:

Baldeo was a watchman at a small railway station. This station was, in fact, a small hut which had a thick forest at its back. Next to this station, there was a deep cutting that led to the tunnel. The cutting had sheer rock walls towering high above the rails.

This station was a station in name only. The trains stopped there only for a few seconds before entering the deep cutting. Baldeo did the job of giving signals whether the tunnel was clear or not. At night it was his duty to see that the lamp at the signal post was burning and that the overland mail passed through safely.

Baldeo’s family lived in a small tribal village at the outskirts of the forest. His village was about three miles away from the station. His son Tembu who was twelve years old, didn’t always stay with his father at the station. He lived with his mother and sister in the village. But that night, Tembu slept with his father at the station. It was a dark winter night.

Baldeo got up at midnight to go to the signal post to see if the lamp was still alight or not. Tembu asked him sleepily, “Shall I come too, father ?” “No, it is cold tonight,” said Baldeo. Tembu fell asleep again.

Baldeo lighted his lamp, wrapped himself in the shawl and moved towards the signal post. When he entered the cutting, he could not help thinking about the wild animals. It was said that wild animals often visited that spot. But Baldeo hardly believed these stories.

No doubt, he had occasionally heard the sawing of a panther calling to its mate. But he had never seen them near the tunnel or the shed. Being a tribal himself, Baldeo was used to the jungle and its ways. So he walked confidently.

Like his forefathers, he carried a small axe with him. That axe was very simple to look at, but it was deadly when in use. With it, Baldeo could cut down a tree in three or four strokes only. Baldeo prided himself in wielding it against animals. Once he had killed a young boar with it. His father had made this axe over a charcoal fire. Baldeo always kept it with him.

The cutting and the entrance to the tunnel looked horrible in the darkness. The signal light was out. Baldeo hauled the lamp down by its chain. If the oil had finished, he would have to return to the hut for more. And the mail was also due in five minutes.

So he decided to light the lamp. Just then, he heard the loud cry of a deer and then a crushing sound in the undergrowth. Baldeo hurriedly lit the lamp at the signal post. He took his own lamp and walked quickly down the tunnel. Having made sure that the line was clear, he came back to the entrance. He sat there and started waiting for the train.

Summary of The Tiger in the Tunnel

The train was late. Sitting huddled up, Baldeo started dozing and soon forgot about his surroundings. And, back in his hut, Tembu woke up when he felt the trembling of the ground. He understood that the train was approaching.

He rubbed his eyes in sleep and said, “Father it’s time to light the lamp.” And realizing that his father had gone already, he lay down again. But now he was awake. He was waiting for the train to pass and for his father’s return.

In the meantime, a low grunt resounded on the top of the cutting. Baldeo woke up with a start. Only a tiger could emit such a sound, he thought. He grasped his axe firmly. He tried to make out the direction from which the animal was coming.

Just then, he heard a thump and then the rattle of stones. It told him that the tiger had sprung into the cutting. Baldeo tried to listen to the footsteps of the tiger. He wanted to know if the tiger was coming towards the tunnel or going towards the hut where Tembu was alone.

But soon, he found that the huge animal was trotting towards him steadily. Flight was impossible at that time. With his back to the signal post, Baldeo stood there motionless, staring at the tiger who was moving rapidly towards him. And very soon, the tiger attacked Baldeo with his right paw. However, Baldeo was already prepared.

He jumped to one side and saved himself from the tiger’s paw. He hit the tiger’s shoulder with his axe. The. tiger roared loudly and tried to come close. But Baldeo again threw his axe at the tiger. This time, the axe caught the tiger on the shoulder almost severing his leg.

Unluckily, the axe remained stuck in the tiger’s bone. Baldeo was left with no .weapon. The tiger, roaring with pain, sprang upon Baldeo and tore him to pieces in a few minutes.

The Tiger in the Tunnel short Summary

Then the tiger sat down and started licking his wound, roaring away now and then with pain. He didn’t notice the faint rumble that shook the earth. The overland mail was approaching. When the train entered the cutting, the engine whistled loudly.

The tiger raised his head and slowly got to his feet. He found himself trapped like the man (Baldeo). At that time flight along the cutting was impossible. So the tiger entered the tunnel and started running as fast as his wounded leg could carry him.

Soon the train also entered the tunnel. The noise in that confined space was defeaning. But when the train came out in the open, there was once again silence on the other side of the tunnel. At the next station, the driver stopped his train to water the engine.

He got down to stretch his legs and examine the headlamps. He was shocked when he saw the major portion of the tiger lying just above the cowcatcher. The tiger’s body was cut in half by the engine. Baldeo’s family was plunged in grief. All the responsibility of the family had fallen on Tembu. Now he had to earn living for his family.

So Tembu started working in his father’s place. Three nights later, he was at the cutting, lighting the signal lamp for the Overland Mail. Now there was nothing to be afraid of. His father had killed the tiger and besides, now he had the axe with him, his father’s axe.

Woodman, Spare that Tree Summary

“Confessions of a Born Spectator” is a poem that seems to reflect upon the perspective of someone who prefers to observe life from the sidelines rather than actively participate. The title suggests a sense of self-awareness and introspection, as if the speaker is acknowledging their role as an observer.

Confessions of a Born Spectator Poem Summary

Confessions of a Born Spectator Introduction:

In this poem, the poet makes fun of athletes. But the fun is light-hearted. It is not meant to be taken seriously. The poet loves to watch the players in various contests. But he never thinks of taking part in them himself. He does not want to have his bones broken and his body injured. He is content to remain a spectator-‘That you are not me and I’m not you.’

Confessions of a Born Spectator Summary in English:

In this poem, the poet makes fun of athletes. But the fun is light-hearted. The poet says that when the children grow up, they feel interested in different sports. One child grows up and becomes a professional horse rider. Another plays basketball or hockey. This one hates to enter the boxing ring. That one loves to play rugby at a particular position in the field.

But the poet says that he is a born spectator. He feels most glad to think that he is not like them, or that they are not like him. The poet admires all the athletes who play for fun or for money. He likes to see the players enter the field in their showy dresses. He also loves to see them hurt and injure each other in the play. But the poet is a born spectator.

He says that his weak and shy spirit loves to feed on the heroic deeds of other people. One player runs ninety yards to score a point for victory. Another one knocks down even a champion. Another endangers even his vertebrae and spine to win a prize in horse riding. One might think that the sight of these brave acts would arouse the poet’s own ego. Then he too would like to be one of the participants in these competitions.

Confessions of a Born Spectator Poem

The poet says that his ego might be pleased to change places with some player or athlete. But their game seems to him to be very rough. In their play, they show no regard for one another’s feelings. The born spectator says that often a struggle begins between his ego and his prudence. His ego goads him to become a champion, but his prudence restrains him from doing so.

In boxing, the hard-clenched fist of one boxer strikes at the swollen eye of the opponent. In other games, too, knees are broken and wrists are cracked. While all this violence takes place, the officials show no great concern for the injured players. They merely ask in an indifferent tone if there is any doctor in the stands. Seeing all this, the born spectator feels thankful to God for keeping his weak body safe from such dangers and risks.

Finally considering all the dangers and risks that athletes have to face, the poet decides to remain a spectator. He says that he can drink to the health of athletes. He can eat with them but he can’t compete with them. He would buy even costly tickets to watch their game. But he would never change places with them. The poet reassures himself afresh that he is not like the athletes and the athletes are not like him.
Akbar and Birbal – Reunion Summary

“A Thing of Beauty is a Joy for Ever” is a famous line from the poem “Endymion” written by John Keats, a renowned English Romantic poet.

A Thing of Beauty is a Joy for Ever Poem Summary

A Thing of Beauty is a Joy for Ever Introduction:

This poem conveys the idea that a thing of beauty is a joy for ever. It leaves a permanent impression on our mind. It stays in our imagination for ever. It never passes into nothingness. Our imagination adds new colours to it. Its loveliness increases every time we think of it.

Thus it becomes a joy for ever. Besides this, it makes us forget the sorrows and sufferings of the world. It gives us peace of the mind and health of the body. It makes our painful stay on this earth bearable.

A Thing of Beauty is a Joy for Ever Summary in English:

In this poem, the poet tries to explain how a beautiful thing is a joy for ever. He says that the loveliness of a beautiful thing never fades. We find in it new beauties as we watch it day after day. It never passes into nothingness. It gives joy to the beholder for ever.

A beautiful thing is a kind of quiet bower that sends us to a sleep full of sweet dreams. It gives us health of the body and peace of the mind. The poet believes that man’s life on the earth is nothing but a tale of grief and sorrow.

There is sadness and gloom in every heart. There is a terrible lack of truly noble hearts. Many mysterious things happen that man fails to understand in spite of all efforts. None could bear to live on such an earth.

The poet says that it is beauty alone that takes away the gloom from the human heart. It is a kind of flowery band that binds us to the earth. The poet lists some such beautiful things. He says that we have the sun and the moon. There are big and small trees that give cool shade for simple sheep. There are lovely daffodils and cool clear streams. There are musk roses that bloom in forests.

Then there is also the beauty of thoughts we have for the mighty dead. We imagine that they will be suitably rewarded by God on the day of judgement. Then there are lovely tales of olden days that we have heard or read.

The poet calls all these beauties an endless fountain of immortal drink that heaven itself is pouring down for us. In other words, God himself has created these beautiful things for us so that we can derive joy from them during our stay on this earth.
King Vikram in Disguise Summary

“An Astrologer’s Day” is a short story written by R.K. Narayan. The story revolves around an astrologer who operates on the outskirts of a market, offering his services to people who seek guidance about their future. The astrologer’s life seems mundane, but it takes an unexpected turn when a stranger approaches him, intent on seeking revenge. The stranger believes that the astrologer is the same person who had attempted to murder him years ago.

An Astrologer’s Day Summary

An Astrologer’s Day Introduction:

The story begins with the description of an astrologer sitting in the market. He counsels people about their day-to-day problems. He knows nothing of astrology. He does his job through guesswork and through common understanding of human psychology.

One day, when it is already dark and the astrologer has prepared to bundle up, a person approaches him with a query. He wants to know whether he would succeed in his search for the man who attempted to kill him. Ironically, the man he has been searching for is none other than the astrologer himself.

The astrologer recognizes him in a slight streak of light in the street. Instead of being perplexed, he cleverly answers the man’s query. He asks him to stay in his village and avoid visiting the city for better fortune and long life. The man goes away quite satisfied. Thus very cleverly, the astrologer prevents the possibility of any future encounter with this man.

In his youth, the astrologer had got into a scuffle with this man in his village. He had stabbed him and then taking him as dead had pushed him into a well. Then he ran away for fear of being hanged for murder and settled in a far-off town.

An Astrologer’s Day Summary in English:

An astrologer carried on his job under a tree on a busy public road. He would start his work at midday and continue till there was enough light from the adjoining shops or vendors. He counselled people about their day-to-day problems.

The astrologer knew nothing of astrology or stars because he had never intended to be an astrologer in life. He had to leave his village without telling anyone and could not rest till the village had been left behind a few hundred miles.

Though he knew nothing of astrology, yet he was quite successful with his customers. He wore such a dress that he at once attracted the eyes of others. His forehead was marked with sacred ash and vermilion. He wore a saffron-coloured turban round his head.

This colour never failed to attract the people. The astrologer was very tactful also. He always said things which pleased and astonished everyone. He did his job through guesswork and through common understanding of human psychology.

One day, it had become quite dark and the astrologer was preparing to bundle up. All other vendors had already left. Just then, the astrologer saw a man standing near him. He took him for a customer and invited him to sit down.

The astrologer started telling his usual stuff, but the man stopped him at once. “Tell me something worthwhile …….,” he said. The astrologer felt offended, “I charge only three pies per question,” he said in a rough voice. The man threw one anna before the astrologer and said that he wanted to ask some questions.

“If I prove you are bluffing, you must return that anna to me with interest,” he said.Then the astrologer sent up a prayer to heaven as usual. In the meanwhile, the man lit a cheroot for himself. The astrologer had a glimpse of his face by the matchlight.

He began to feel very uncomfortable. “Here take your anna back. I am not used to such challenges,” said the astrologer. But the man held on the astrologer’s wrist and said that he could not go back on the pact that had been made.

The astrologer shivered in his grip and said, “Leave me today. I will speak to you tomorrow.” But the man didn’t let him go and asked him to answer his question. He asked the astrologer if he would succeed in his present search or not. “Answer this and go.

Summary of An Astrologer’s Day

Otherwise I will not let you go till you disgorge all your coins,” said the man. At this, the astrologer said that if what he said was satisfactory, he would charge one rupee. “Otherwise I will not open my mouth and you may do what you like,” he said. The man agreed after a lot of haggling.

Then the astrologer said, “You were left for dead. Am I right ?” “Ah, tell me more.” “A knife has. passed through you once ?” said the astrologer. “Good fellow !” He bared his chest to show the scar. “What else ?” “And then you were pushed into a well nearby in the field.

You were left for dead.” “I should have been dead if some passer-by had not chanced to peep into the well,” exclaimed the other. “When shall I get at him ?” he asked, clenching his fist.The astrologer told him that the man, who had stabbed him, had been crushed to death under a lorry. Then he addressed the man by his name, Guru Nayak.

He told him that he knew everything about him. He added that there was once again a grave danger to his life. So he must go back to his village at once and never travel southward.It was nearly midnight when the astrologer reached home.

He told his wife how he had been relieved of a great burden. He said to her, “I thought I had the blood of a man on my hands all these years. That was the reason why I ran away from home, settled here and married you. He is alive !”.

Bond of Love Summary

“The Little Black Boy” is a poem written by William Blake, an English poet, painter, and printmaker, and it was published in his collection of poems called “Songs of Innocence and Experience” in 1789. The poem is characterized by its themes of race, identity, spirituality, and the concept of innocence.

The Little Black Boy Poem Summary

The Little Black Boy Introduction:

In this poem, the poet gives the message of universal love and brotherhood. He gives this message by telling the story of a little black boy. One day, a little black boy says to his mother, “I am black in my body, but the English child is as white as an angel. It seems as if all light had been taken away from me.” At this, the little black boy’s mother says, “Look at the rising sun.

God lives there. It is He who gives us light. He gives us heat also. Flowers, trees, animals and men all receive God’s light and heat. These black bodies and faces of ours have little importance. They are merely like a cloud or a shady grove that hides from us the light of the sun. When our souls have learnt to bear the warmth of love, the cloud of our black bodies will disappear.”

Thus the little black boy learnt the lesson of love from his mother. Now he tells the same thing to his little English friend. He tells him that when they free themselves from the clouds of bodies, they shall be like God’s lambs and play round His tent joyfully.

In other words, when the black boy and the white boy forget about the differences of race and colour, they will start loving each other. Then they will earn the love of God also. Thus this poem teaches the lesson of universal love.

Ram Prasad ‘Bismil’ – The Great Martyr Summary

A sparrow is a small bird known for its compact size and distinctive appearance. Sparrows are found in various regions around the world, often near human settlements. They are characterized by their short, stout bodies, rounded wings, and typically brown or gray plumage.

Sparrows Summary

Sparrows Introduction in English:

This story is based on the idea that nobody is bad by birth. If one is bad, there are bound to be some social or domestic reasons behind it. This is what happens with a young man named Rahim Khan in this story. Rahim Khan had two ambitions in his life.

First, he wanted to join a touring circus. Secondly, he wanted to marry a Hindu girl, Radha. But his parents killed both these ambitions. They did not let him join the circus. Then they got him married to a Muslim girl against his wishes. All this brought about a big change in Rahim Khan’s nature. He used to be very cheerful earlier. But now he became very bitter and cruel.

He had a grievance against society and his family. He wanted to have his revenge on them. He took his wife to be the symbol of all his failures. So he beat her almost every day. He ill-treated his children and his bullocks also. One day, his wife and his sons left him in disgust.

And Rahim Khan was left alone in his life. Then sparrows came in Rahim’s life and became the instrument of change in his heart. They kindled the hidden goodness of his heart.

Sparrows Summary in English:

Rahim Khan used to be a very cheerful boy in his youth. He was very fond of sports. In wrestling, in kabaddi and in diving he had no match in the whole village. He had an intense desire to join a touring circus. He fell in love with a Hindu girl named Radha, and wanted to marry her.

But both these ambitions of Rahim Khan were trampled most cruelly. The first of his desires was smashed by his father. He thought it below the dignity of their family that their son should join a circus. And religion stood in the way of his other desire. How could a Muslim boy marry a Hindu girl ? Many problems and quarrels could result from it.

Radha was married off to a middle-aged banya. And Rahim Khan was married to a Muslim girl against his wishes. Thus both the ambitions of Rahim Khan were crushed. As a result, his heart was filled with bitterness. He hardened into a beast. He quarrelled with everyone in the village.

He beat his bullocks mercilessly. The village children would run away from him in fear. Rahim Khan gave vent to his anger on his wife and two sons also. He would beat his wife almost daily and was very hard to his sons. At last, the sons left him in disgust. But his wife bore his cruelty patiently and stayed on with him. However, there is a limit to everything.

The wife also got sick of Rahim Khan’s cruel behaviour and she too left him. She went to her brother at Nurpur. Thus Rahim Khan was left alone in his life. However, Rahim Khan did not feel sorry for this.

Then in the absence of his wife and children, Rahim Khan started feeling lonely. He used to beat his wife and ill-treat his sons. But now he began to miss them. He realized how much his wife, whom he hated, had become a part of his life. She used to take care of all his needs. But now she was not there to look after him.

One day Rahim Khan saw a sparrows’ nest near the roof of his hut. There were two baby sparrows in the nest. Rahim’s first impulse was to shatter the nest and finish off the sparrows. But the parent sparrows attacked him when he tried to touch the baby sparrows. Rahim Khan bore their attack calmly. A strange feeling of pity arose in him.

Sparrows short Summary

In fact, he was moved by the mother-sparrow’s love for its young ones. Rahim Khan developed a deep love for the sparrows and made friends with them. He would feed them and play with them. He would call the little sparrows lovingly by the names of his sons, Nuru and Bundu.

Such was the effect of this new transformation that Rahim Khan stopped beating his bullocks. He wanted to show affection for the village children also, but they still looked on him with fear and would run away at his sight.

One monsoon evening, it rained heavily. The roof of Rahim Khan’s hut started leaking. There was a hole just above the nest of the sparrows. Rahim Khan repaired the leak in heavy rain. He got wet all over and caught cold. When he got up the next morning, he had a very high fever.

He remained in bed for several days. When the villagers came to know of it, they at once sent for his wife. But when his wife came and opened the door, she saw that Rahim Khan was lying dead on his cot and the four sparrows were fluttering about in the hut.
J.C. Bose Summary

“Upagupta” is a renowned poem written by the esteemed Indian poet Rabindranath Tagore. This poem tells the story of a young monk named Upagupta, who was originally a prince. The poem beautifully captures his transformation from a life of luxury to one of spiritual enlightenment and selflessness.

Upagupta Poem Summary

Upagupta Introduction:

This poem is about the strength of character of a great Buddhist monk named Upagupta. He was a true ascetic. He had wonderful self-control. Once a young and beautiful girl invited him to come to her house. Upagupta simply looked at her with pity.

He said that he would visit her when the ripe time came for it. And when the time did come, he proved how his heart was full of the milk of human kindness. He felt no hesitation in nursing the woman who was suffering from a horrible disease. This poem is, in fact, a great tribute to Upagupta.

Upagupta Summary in English:

Upagupta was a disciple of the Buddha. One dark night, he was lying asleep on the ground near the city wall of Mathura. All the lamps had gone out. All the doors were shut. All of a sudden, Upagupta was awakened by the tinkling sound of anklets. A dancing girl’s feet had touched his breast.

Upagupta woke up with a start. The woman had a lamp in her hand. Upagupta saw that she was a dancing girl. She was all decorated in shining jewels. She was drunk with the wine of her youth. The dancing girl bent down and lowered her lamp. She saw the handsome face of the monk. She begged him to forgive her. She invited him to her house.

At this, the ascetic replied, “O woman, go on your way. I shall visit your house when the time is ripe for it.’ Some time later, it was a spring night. All the people of the city had gone to the woods. They had gone there to celebrate the festival of flowers. The full moon was shining high up in the middle of the sky. Upagupta passed through the city gates, and stood near the outer wall.

Just then the monk saw a woman lying near his feet. She was struck with a horrible disease. There were sores all over her body. She had been driven away from the city because of her dangerous disease. The ascetic sat down by her side. He took her head on his knees. He wetted her lips and applied balm on her body.

The woman asked, “O merciful one ! Who are you ?” The young ascetic replied, “Perhaps you remember, once you invited me to your house. I told you then that I would visit you when the ripe time came for it. Now at last the time has come to visit you and I am here.”

The Welcome Summary

“Television Poem” is a short and vivid poem by Roald Dahl that humorously highlights the power of television in capturing people’s attention and imagination. The poem is part of his collection “Revolting Rhymes,” published in 1982.

Television Poem Summary

Television Introduction:

This poem is an extract from Dahl’s Charlie and Chocolate Factory’. Here the poet describes in detail the damage that television is doing to little children. He says that this ridiculous invention has killed all the imaginative faculties of children.

It has made them dullards, and they have lost all the power to think. Parents feel helpless since they find no other means of entertainment for their children, which can keep them away from mischief. To this, the poet makes a very useful suggestion.

He says that before the television was invented, children entertained themselves through reading books which had in them very interesting stories. The poet suggests that instead of the television set, parents should get for their children interesting books to read, and thus save the little ones from becoming dull and blind.

Television Summary in English:

The poet calls the television an idiotic thing which serves no useful purpose. It makes one dull and stupid. So he suggests that children should in no case be allowed to go near a television set. In almost every house, children are found sitting lazily in front of a television set.

They keep staring at the television screen for hours. They remain hypnotised by all the ghastly junk that appears on the screen. Some parents do feel that the television is of not much use for kids, still they find at least one advantage of it. They say that it keeps the kids calm and quiet.

They don’t make any mess in the house. They don’t keep jumping in and out of the windows. They don’t indulge in fights. Their mothers can thus do their cooking and washing in peace. The poet asks such parents if they have ever realized what effect this addiction to television has on their little kids. He says that it makes the child a dullard.

It rots all sense in his head. It kills all his imagination. The child loses the ability to think. He becomes the proverbial ass. Some parents do agree that television is doing no good to children. They do want to take the television away from home.

But they find no other way to entertain their kids. At this, the poet wants parents to think of the children of former times, before the television was invented. He wants them to think what the children of those days did for their entertainment.

They would read and read and read. Just as the present-day children do nothing but watch television all the time, the children in earlier days did nothing but read and read and read. Reading was for them the biggest entertainment. They spent almost half of their time in reading books only. They had books and books on their nursery shelves.

Television Poem

They had books in their bedroom also. They had books by their bed. They read books before they went to sleep. Those books, specially written for children, had in them wonderful stories of dragons, gypsies, queens, whales, treasure isles, smugglers and sea robbers.

The poet calls upon the parents of today to throw away the TV set that they have in their homes. He wants them to install a lovely bookshelf in its place. He adds that they should fill the shelves with lots of books. It is possible that in the beginning, the children will cry and yell in protest, but parents should ignore all that.

The poet feels certain that in about a week or two, the children would get used to the reading of books. By and by, they would begin to find great entertainment in the reading of books.

The poet feels confident that once the children start reading books, they will slowly begin to enjoy them. They will begin to find in their hearts an ever-increasing joy.

They will then wonder what they had ever seen in that ridiculous screen. They will begin to look upon the television as a nauseating and repulsive thing. They will start loving their parents even more for getting them books to read.

The Second Chance Summary

“Himat Aur Jindagi” translates to “Courage and Life” in English. Read More Class 9 Hindi Summaries.

हिम्मत और जिंदगी निबंध Summary In Hindi

हिम्मत और जिंदगी जीवन-परिचय

जीवन परिचय-रामधारी सिंह दिनकर हिंदी के श्रेष्ठ लेखक माने जाते हैं। उनका जन्म सन् 1908 ई० में बिहार के मुंगेर जिले के सिमरिया नामक गाँव में हुआ था। इनकी आरंभिक शिक्षा गांव में हुई। इन्होंने बी०ए० की शिक्षा पटना विश्वविद्यालय से प्राप्त की। ये भागलपुर विश्वविद्यालय के कुलपति भी रहे। सन् 1952 से 1964 तक राज्यसभा के सदस्य भी रहे। कई वर्ष तक भारत सरकार के हिंदी सलाहकार भी रहे। सन् 1974 ई० में इनकी मृत्यु हो गई।

प्रमुख रचनाएँ-दिनकर बहुमुखी प्रतिभा के साहित्यकार माने जाते हैं। इन्होंने अनेक प्रसिद्ध रचनाएँ लिखी हैं। इनकी प्रमुख रचनाएँ इस प्रकार हैं
काव्य-रेणुका, हुँकार, कुरुक्षेत्र, उर्वशी, रसवंती, परशुराम की प्रतीक्षा आदि। गद्य-संस्कृति के चार अध्याय, काव्य की भूमिका, अर्द्धनारीश्वर, मिट्टी की ओर आदि।

साहित्यिक विशेषताएँ-दिनकर की रचनाओं में राष्ट्रीयता तथा विश्वबंधुत्व की भावना के दर्शन होते हैं। इन्होंने अपने साहित्य में समाज, संस्कृति धर्म का यथार्थ वर्णन किया है। रामधारी सिंह दिनकर की भाषा सरल, सहज एवं स्वाभाविक है। इनकी भाषा प्रौढ़ एवं प्रांजल है। इस निबंध की भाषा शैली सरल एवं सहज है। इसमें तत्सम शब्दावली की अधिकता है।

हिम्मत और जिंदगी निबंध का सार

हिम्मत और जिंदगी रामधारी सिंह दिनकर द्वारा लिखित एक प्रमुख निबंध है। इसमें लेखक ने उस सत्य का वर्णन किया है जिसके अनुसार हिम्मत, परिश्रम, साहस, कर्मठता आदि तत्व हमारी सफलता के आधार बिंदु हैं। परिश्रम ही सफलता की कुंजी है। जिंदगी का असली मज़ा फूलों के नीचे खेलने और सोने वालों के लिए नहीं बल्कि दूर रेगिस्तान से आने वालों के लिए होता है। पानी के अमृत तक को केवल वही जानता है जो धूप में सूख चुका है। सुखों का असली आनंद उनका मूल्य चुकाने पर ही मिलता है। पानी से बचने वालों के लिए ही समुद्र में डूबने का खतरा होता है। लहरों पर तैरने वाले तो मोती लेकर ही बाहर निकलते हैं। जीवन में चांदनी की ताज़गी और शीतलता का मजा वही मनुष्य लेता है जो दिनभर धूप में थककर लेटा है। घर के अंदर पंखे के नीचे सोने वाला मनुष्य इसका आनंद नहीं ले सकता। भोजन का असली स्वाद उसी को मिलता है जो कुछ दिन बिना खाए भी रह लेता है।

जीवन का भोग त्याग के साथ करो यह केवल परमार्थ का ही उपदेश नहीं है। संयमी व्यक्ति को ही योग का आनंद प्राप्त होता है। संसार में बड़ी चीजें बड़े संकटों में ही विकसित होती हैं। ठीक वैसे बड़े लोग बड़ी मुसीबतों में पलकर दुनिया पर कब्जा करते हैं, अकबर ने तेरह वर्ष में ही अपने पिता के दुश्मन को हरा दिया था। महाभारत में देश के अधिकांश वीर कौरवों के पक्ष में थे किन्तु फिर भी जीत पांडवों की हुई क्योंकि उन्होंने लाक्षाग्रह की मुसीबत झेली और बनवास में कष्ट उठाया था। जिंदगी की दो सूरतें हैं। एक तो आदमी को असफलताओं से न घबराते हुए उनका सामना करते हुए अपने उद्देश्य को पाने का प्रयास करना चाहिए। दूसरी आदमी को उन ग़रीबों का साथी बन जाना चाहिए जो केवल दुःख पाते हैं। साहस की जिंदगी सबसे श्रेष्ठ होती है। यह बिल्कुल निडर और बेखौफ़ होती है।

साहसी मनुष्य कभी भी तमाशा देखने वालों की चिंता नहीं करता। वह केवल अपना कर्म करता है। जनमत की उपेक्षा करके जीने वाला आदमी ही दुनिया की असली शक्ति है। दूसरों के पीछे चलना एक सामान्य आदमी का काम होता है। क्रांतिकारी कभी अपने उद्देश्यों की तुलना दूसरों से नहीं करते। वे केवल अपना कार्य करते हैं। साहसी व्यक्ति कभी सपने उधार नहीं लेता। वह तो अपने सपने देखता है। समूह में तो भैंस और भेड़ चलती हैं, शेर तो सदा अकेला चलता है।

जिंदगी में सदा खतरे बने रहते हैं। जिंदगी जीते समय अनेक खतरे बने रहते हैं। असली जिंदगी इन खतरों का साहस से मुकाबला करने में होती है। संकटों का सामना करना जिंदगी की पूंजी होती है। अंत में लेखक ने जीवन के साधकों को साहसपूर्ण जिंदगी तथा खतरों का सामना करने का संदेश दिया है। उन्हें उद्देश्य को प्राप्त करने की प्रेरणा दी है।

Read More Summaries:

• महान् राष्ट्रभक्त : मदन लाल ढींगरा Summary In Hindi
• एक अंतहीन चक्रव्यूह Summary In Hindi
• बचेंद्री पाल Summary In Hindi
• कैसे बचें उपभोक्ता धोखाधड़ी से Summary In Hindi

“Neenv Ki Eent” translates to “The Foundation Stone” in English. Read More Class 9 Hindi Summaries.

नींव की ईंट Summary In Hindi

नींव की ईंट जीवन-परिचय

जीवन-परिचय-श्री रामवृक्ष बेनीपुरी का हिंदी गद्य-साहित्य में अद्भुत योगदान है। इनका जन्म सन् 1902 ई० में बिहार के मुजफ्फरपुर जिले के बेनीपुर नामक गाँव में हुआ था। बचपन में ही इनके माँ-बाप की मृत्यु हो गई थी। इन्होंने अनेक कष्ट सहकर दसवीं तक की पढ़ाई की। सन् 1920 ई० में गांधी जी के असहयोग आंदोलन से प्रभावित 7 सितंबर, सन् 1968 ई० को मृत्यु हो गई।

रचनाएं- श्री रामवृक्ष बेनीपुरी हिंदी के श्रेष्ठ लेखक माने जाते हैं। इनकी प्रमुख रचनाएं इस प्रकार हैं

1. कहानी-चिता के फल
2. उपन्यास-पतितों के देश में
3. नाटक-आम्रपाली
4. जंजीरें और दीवारें-रेखाचित्र।

साहित्यिक विशेषताएँ- श्री रामवृक्ष बेनीपुरी हिंदी के श्रेष्ठ साहित्यकार माने जाते हैं। उनका गद्य-साहित्य बहुत श्रेष्ठ है। इनके निबंधों में देशभक्ति की भावना का अनूठा वर्णन हुआ है। इन्होंने देश के युवाओं को देश एवं समाज पर बलिदान एवं त्याग करने के लिए प्रेरित किया है। इन्होंने समाज में फैली बुराइयों का सच्चा वर्णन किया है। इनकी भाषा सहज, सरल एवं स्वाभाविक है जिसमें तत्सम एवं तद्भव शब्दों का प्रयोग है। मुहावरों के प्रयोग से इनकी भाषा में निखार आ गया है।

नींव की ईंट निबंध का सार

‘नींव की ईंट’ लेखक श्री रामवृक्ष बेनीपुरी का अत्यंत रोचक एवं प्रेरक निबंध है। इसमें लेखक ने मनुष्य को नि:स्वार्थ त्याग एवं बलिदान की प्रेरणा दी है। प्रत्येक मनुष्य को अपने देश तथा समाज के कल्याण के लिए सदा तैयार रहना चाहिए। लेखक को इस बात का दुःख है कि आजकल हर आदमी भवन के कँगूरे की तरह बनना चाहता है। उसकी नींव की ईंट कोई बनना नहीं चाहता। लेखक चमकीली सुंदर एवं मज़बूत इमारत की नींव को ध्यान देने को कहता है। उसे दुःख है कि आज दुनिया केवल चमक-दमक देखती है किंतु उसके नीचे ठोस सत्य को कोई नहीं देखता। ठोस सत्य सदा शिवम् होता है किंतु वह सदा सुंदर हो यह जरूरी नहीं। सत्य कठोर होता है। कठोरता और भद्दापन एक साथ जन्म लेते हैं। लोग सदा कठोरता से भागते हैं। भद्देपन से मुँह मोड़ते हैं इसलिए वे सत्य से दूर जाते हैं।

कँगूरे पर चढ़ने वाली ईंट धन्य है जो लोगों को अपनी ओर आकृष्ट करती है किंतु इमारत की नींव की ईंट धन्य होती है जिसके ऊपर इमारत खड़ी होती है। इस ईंट के हिलने से कँगूरा ज़मीन पर गिर जाता है इसलिए हमें कँगूरे की ईंट को नहीं बल्कि नींव की ईंट के गीत गाने चाहिए। यह ईंट इमारत की शोभा बढ़ाने के लिए सदा ज़मीन के अंदर दबी रहती है और अपना त्याग एवं बलिदान करती है। इसी प्रकार जो समाज के लिए अपना बलिदान देते हैं वही समाज का आधार होते हैं। ईसा की शहादत ने ईसाई धर्म को अमर बनाया। वास्तव में ईसाई धर्म को अमर तो उन अनाम लोगों ने बनाया जिन्होंने इसका प्रचार करने में चुपचाप अपना बलिदान किया।

Read More Summaries:

• हिम्मत और जिंदगी निबंध Summary In Hindi
• महान् राष्ट्रभक्त : मदन लाल ढींगरा Summary In Hindi
• एक अंतहीन चक्रव्यूह Summary In Hindi

“Vah Chidiya Ek Alarm Ghadi Thi” translates to “That Bird Was an Alarm Clock” in English. Read More Class 9 Hindi Summaries.

वह चिड़िया एक अलार्म घड़ी थी…. Summary In Hindi

वह चिड़िया एक अलार्म घड़ी थी….. लेखक-परिचय

जीवन-परिचय-गोविंद कुमार ‘गुंजन’ आधुनिक हिन्दी-साहित्य के प्रमुख साहित्यकार माने जाते हैं। उनका जन्म 28 अगस्त, सन् 1956 ई० में मध्य प्रदेश प्रांत के सनवाद में हुआ था। इन्होंने अंग्रेजी साहित्य में एम० ए० की परीक्षा पास की। इनकी साहित्य-प्रतिभा तथा साहित्य-साधना को देखते हुए सन् 1994 में प्रथम समानांतर नवगीत अलंकार, सन् 2002 में अखिल भारतीय अम्बिका प्रसाद दिव्य प्रतिष्ठा पुरस्कार से सम्मानित किया गया। हिन्दी निबंध हेतु इन्हें सन् 2002 में निर्मल पुरस्कार प्रदान किया गया। सन् 2007 में इन्हें मध्य प्रदेश साहित्य अकादमी का बाल कृष्ण शर्मा नवीन पुरस्कार देकर अलंकृत किया गया। रचनाएँ-रुका हुआ संवाद (कविता संग्रह), समकालीन हिन्दी गजलें (सहयोगी प्रकाशन), कपास के फूल, सभ्यता की तितली, पंखों पर आकाश, ज्वाला भी जलधारा भी।

साहित्यिक विशेषताएँ-गोविंद कुमार ‘गुंजन’ आधुनिक संवेदना से ओत-प्रोत साहित्यकार हैं। गुंजन जी के लेखन की महत्त्वपूर्ण विशेषता है कि हर उम्र और हर वर्ग के पाठकों के मध्य उनकी भिन्न-भिन्न रचनाएँ लोकप्रिय हैं। मानवता उनके साहित्य की प्राण तत्व हैं। गुंजन जी के साहित्य में आधुनिक युग की विसंगतियों, समस्याओं, मूल्यहीनता आदि का सुन्दर चित्रण हुआ है। अनेक स्थलों पर इनका साहित्य अत्यन्त मार्मिक बन पड़ा है। ‘गुंजन’ जी श्रेष्ठ कवि होने के साथ-साथ एक श्रेष्ठ ललित निबन्धकार हैं। कहानी लेखन में गुंजन जी पूर्णतः सिद्धहस्त हैं।

भाषा-शैली-‘गुंजन’ जी एक श्रेष्ठ कवि होने के साथ-साथ श्रेष्ठ गद्यकार भी हैं। उनके गद्य लेखन में सहजता और आत्मीयता है। वे बड़ी-से-बड़ी बात को भी बातचीत की शैली में कहते हैं और सीधे पाठकों के मन को छ लेते हैं। लेखक ने मुख्यतः खड़ी बोली भाषा का सहज स्वाभाविक प्रयोग किया है।

वह चिड़िया एक अलार्म घड़ी थी….. कहानी का सार

“वह चिड़िया एक अलार्म घड़ी थी…….” गोविंद कुमार गुंजन द्वारा रचित एक श्रेष्ठ कहानी है। लेखक ने अपनी इस कहानी के माध्यम से मनुष्य की आदत पर प्रकाश डालना चाहा है। लेखक ने कहानी में बताया है कि मनुष्य की आदत कभी नहीं बदलती किंतु कभी-कभी कुछ कारण ऐसे बन जाते हैं जिनके कारण मानव को अपनी आदतों में बदलाव लाना पड़ता है।

बाज़ार में पहले अलार्म घड़ियाँ खूब बिका करती थीं। वर्तमान समय में मोबाइल फ़ोन में अलार्म रहने के कारण इनकी माँग लगातार कम होती जा रही है। पुराने समय में अलार्म घड़ी का अपना विशेष महत्त्व हुआ करता था। बच्चों की परीक्षा के समय अलार्म घड़ी उन्हें सुबह-सवेरे उठाने का काम करती थी। सुबह किसी यात्रा में जाना होता था तो अलार्म घड़ी सुबह जल्दी उठाने का काम करती थी। जिस प्रकार आज सभी के पास मोबाइल फ़ोन हैं, उसी प्रकार पहले सभी के पास अलार्म घड़ियाँ नहीं हुआ करती थीं।

घड़ी उपहार में देने की वस्तु हुआ करती थी। परीक्षा में पास होने पर घड़ी दी जाती थी। कॉलेज में प्रवेश लेने पर तथा ससुराल पक्ष वालों की तरफ से घड़ी अवश्य दी जाती थी। कई सरकारी विभागों में भी सेवा-निवृत्ति पर घड़ी देने की परंपरा थी। लेखक को पहली बार हाथ घड़ी उस समय मिली थी, जब उसने कॉलेज में प्रवेश लिया था। उसे पहली अलार्म घड़ी भी कॉलेज में एक बिनंध प्रतियोगिता में भाग लेने पर मिली थी।

लेखक को उस अलार्म घड़ी की आवाज़ अत्यंत मनमोहक लगती थी। आज महँगे-महँगे मोबाइल फ़ोन की आवाज़ उसे पहले के समान मधुर नहीं लगती। लेखक के बचपन में जब उसके पास घड़ी नहीं थी तो उसके पिता जी उससे कहा करते थे कि यदि तुम्हें सुबह जल्दी उठना हो तो अपने तकिए से कह दिया करो वह तुम्हें जल्दी उठा दिया करेगा। लेखक पिता द्वारा दी सीख का पालन करता था और तकिया उसे सुबह जल्दी उठा देता था। लेखक को सुबह जल्दी उठना पसंद नहीं था। वह देर रात तक पढ़ता था और सुबह देर से उठता था। उसने सुबह की सुंदरता का अनुभव कविताओं में किया था। आज दशकों बाद भी लेखक के पास वह अलार्म घड़ी है। अब घड़ी ठीक होने योग्य नहीं बची। लेखक भी अपनी आदत में कहाँ सुधार कर पाया।

अस्सी के दशक में पहली बार लेखक की नौकरी लगी थी। पहली बार लेखक घर से बाहर आया था। उसने एक कमरा किराये पर ले लिया। कमरे में उसने महादेवी वर्मा, सुमित्रानंदन पंत, सूर्यकांत त्रिपाठी निराला तथा तुलसी दास जी की तस्वीरें फ्रेम करवा कर टाँगी हुई थीं। रात में देर तक जागकर कविता लिखना लेखक को स्वर्ग में जीना लगता था। रात में देर तक जागने के कारण उसे सुबह जल्दी उठना अत्यंत कठिन होने लगा था। वह अक्सर देर से दफ्तर पहुँचता था। लेखक ने जो कमरा किराए पर लिया था उसमें मात्र एक दरवाज़ा था। कमरे में हवा आने-जाने का दरवाज़े के अतिरिक्त अन्य कोई दूसरा रास्ता न था। पहले की तरह तकिया अब लेखक की बात नहीं सुनता था।

वह चिड़िया एक अलार्म घड़ी थी….. Pdf

लेखक अपनी किताबों की दुनिया में खोया इतना बेख़बर था कि एक चिड़िया ने कब उसके कमरें में टंगी पंत जी की तस्वीर के पीछे अपना घोंसला बना लिया उसे पता ही नहीं चला। देर शाम को चिड़िया दरवाज़ा खुला पाकर कमरे में आ जाया करती थी। एक सुबह चिड़िया लेखक के सिरहाने बैठ कर चीं-चीं की ध्वनि कर उसे उठाने का प्रयास कर रही थी। उसकी ध्वनि में लेखक को गुस्सा नज़र आ रहा था। वह चाहती थी कि लेखक उठकर दरवाज़ा खोले और वह बाहर जाए।

दूसरे दिन लेखक की नींद फिर देर से खुली। इस बार फिर चिड़ियाँ की झुंझलाहट भरी चहचहाहट ने उसे जगा दिया। पलंग के सिरहाने बैठी चिड़िया उसे देखकर नाराज़ हो रही थी कि वह अभी तक क्यों सोया है ? तब चिड़िया ने अपनी चोंच से लेखक की रज़ाई का एक कोना पकड़ उसे उठाने का प्रयास किया। ऐसा करने से चिड़िया को तनिक भी डर नहीं लग रह था।

चिड़िया द्वारा इस प्रकार से जगाने पर लेखक को अपनी माँ की याद आ जाती थी। उसकी माँ भी इसी प्रकार सुबह-सवेरे जल्दी उठाती थी। अब लेखक ने वास्तव में सुबह सवेरे का सुंदर दृश्य अपनी आँखों से महसूस किया। उसने अब चिड़िया के साथ जल्दी उठना सीख लिया था। आज भी लेखक उस वात्सल्यमयी चिड़िया के उस उपकार को बहुत कृतज्ञता से महसूस करता जिसने उसे सुबह की मनोरम तथा मनमोहक छवि के दर्शन कराए और उपहार में ओस के मोती तथा नए खिलने वाले फूल दिखाए।

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