Summary

“On Giving recommendation” delves into the multifaceted nature of presenting steerage. The precis highlights the significance of lively listening as a foundation for effective advice-giving, allowing one to surely understand the nuances of every other’s situation. through realistic insights, it underscores the importance of tailoring advice to healthy the unique situations and choices of every person. Read More Class 12th English Summaries.

On Giving Advice Summary

On Giving Advice Introduction:

This essay has been written by Joseph Addison who was an essayist of the eighteenth century. He tried to improve the morality of his readers with his wit. He wrote in a simple and easy to understand language. In this essay he tells us that most people are unwilling to be advised by others. They think that the man who gives them advice is insulting their intelligence.

He also thinks that he is superior to the receiver of advice. The giver of advice thinks that the receiver of advice is inferior in understanding. So advice has to be made pleasant. All the writers of the modern times and olden days have tried their best to make their advice pleasant through humour, wit and in the best-chosen words.

Addison thinks that the best method of making advice acceptable is by means of a fable. A fable is a made-up story. It gives a moral lesson. Readers think that they are advising themselves. So they do not mind being given such an advice.

On Giving Advice Summary in English

We are generally unwilling to receive advice from others. We think that the man who is giving us advice is insulting our understanding and treating us like children or idiots. We consider the advice that we are given for our welfare is actually a piece of rudeness. The person who advises us thinks that he is superior to us. The advice giver thinks that the receiver of advice is defective either in conduct or understanding.

There is nothing so difficult as making the giving of advice pleasant. All the writers of the olden days and the modern times try their level best to make their advice agreeable. Many writers use several ways to make their advice pleasant. Some give us their instructions in the best chosen words, others do so in sweet words of poetry, still others make use of proverbs to give their advice.

Addison thinks that the best way of giving advice is through a made-up story or fable. Giving advice by telling a fable is the best way of giving advice. By listening to advice, in a fable, no body feels insulted. It does not shock the receiver of advice. He does not feel insulted.

On reading a fable, we feel that we are advising ourselves. We read the author for the sake of the story. We consider his moral lesson in the fable as our own conclusion. We do not think that the writer is giving us any advice. We are unable to see or feel the advice in the fable. We are taught by surprise. We become wiser and better without knowing that we are getting wiser and better. By this method, the man feels that he is directing himself.

If we try to examine ourselves we shall find that the mind is pleased when it takes part in any action. It gives the human mind an idea of her own perfections and abilities. This natural pride and ambition of the soul is very much satisfied in the reading of a fable.

In the reading of a fable, the reader is involved in half of the performance. Everything appears to him like a discovery of his own. He is busy all the while in applying characters and circumstances. In olden days, wise men gave advice to their kings through fables. Birbal used to advise Akbar by fables. There is one good example of this nature in a Turkish tale.

The Sultan Mahmood of Turkey had fought many wars with other kings. He was very cruel at home. He filled his kingdom with ruin and desolation. Half of the Persian population was destroyed. The vizier of this great Sultan had pretended to have learned to understand the language of birds. One day the vizier was returning from hunting with his Sultan.

Summary of On Giving Advice

They saw a group of owls. The Sultan wanted to know what the two owls were saying to each other. He ordered his vizier to listen to their talk and give him an account of it. The vizier went near the tree on which the owls sat. He pretended to be very attentive to the owls.

He then came to the Sultan and told him that he had heard a part of the conversation between the two owls. One of these owls had a son and the other had a daughter. They wanted to settle à marriage between the son and the daughter. The father of the son told the father of the daughter that he would consent to the marriage if he would settle upon his daughter fifty ruined villages for her dowry.

The father of the daughter said in his reply that he would give her five hundred villages in place of fifty. The father of the son did .. not want ruined villages.The fable tells us that the Sultan was so touched by the fable. He rebuilt the towns and villages which had been destroyed. From that time, he always worked for the welfare; of his people.

What could one thousand dollars truly buy? Is it just a sum of money or something more profound? This article delves into the multifaceted significance of one thousand dollars, uncovering the diverse ways in which it can impact lives and shape perspectives. Read More Class 10th English Summaries.

One Thousand Dollars Summary

One Thousand Dollars Introduction:

Robert Gillian receives one thousand dollars from his uncle’s will. But there is also a condition. He has to spend this money sensibly. He goes to Old Bryson for his advice. But Bryson is in no mood of giving him any advice. He talks to Gillian in a satirical tone. Robert offers Miss Lotta Lauriere to buy her a pendant worth one thousand dollars.

But she wants a much more expensive one. He asks a cab driver what he would do with a thousand dollars. He replies that he will open a saloon with it. Robert’s uncle had a ward, Miss Hayden. Perhaps Robert loves her. He gives the entire amount to her and makes a detail about it. Then he goes to the office of his uncle’s lawyers. He tells them that he has spent the money.

Summary of One Thousand Dollars 

They tell him if he has spent the money sensibly, he would get another 5,000 dollars otherwise this amount will go to Miss Hayden. Hearing this, Robert Gillian tears the account of spending money. He tells the lawyers that he has lost the entire money on races. Saying this he leaves the office.
Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Summary

In this captivating narrative, we witness the journey of Pahom, a peasant who becomes consumed by his ambition for land. As the story unfolds, Pahom’s relentless pursuit of expansion leads him down a treacherous path, ultimately resulting in a startling revelation about the limits of human greed. “How Much Land Does A Man Need?” succinctly captures the dangers of unchecked ambition, showcasing the harsh consequences that can accompany the insatiable desire for more. Read More Class 10th English Summaries.

How Much Land Does A Man Need? Summary

How Much Land Does A Man Need? Introduction:

This story by Leo Tolstoy is about the sin of greed. Man’s material needs on this earth are not many. Yet he troubles himself all his life. He wants more and more of wealth. He runs from one sin to the other till he meets his end. Tolstoy has illustrated this idea through the story of Pakhom. Pakhom had an insatiable greed for land.

The more land he had, the more greedy he grew. Once he said, “If I had plenty of land, I shouldn’t fear the devil himself.” On hearing this, the devil decided to try his strength against Pakhom. He thought that he would give Pakhom as much land as he desired, and thus get him into his power. In course of time, Pakhom came to have 125 acres of land, yet he was not satisfied.

Summary of How Much Land Does A Man Need?

He came to know about the land of Bashkir people. There he could get for 1000 roubles as much land as he could go round on his feet in one day. In his greed, he exerted himself too much. Yet he did not stop. He fell down dead just when he had completed the circuit. A grave was dug for him. Six feet from head to heels was all that Pakhom needed. Thus Tolstoy shows that greed brings man’s ruin.
To Autumn Summary

As we raise the future leaders and contributors of society, the role of grooming in shaping a young boy’s character and potential cannot be underestimated. The process of grooming goes beyond mere appearances, encompassing a holistic development that shapes values, attitudes, and skills. In this summary, we’ll explore the significance of grooming in a boy’s life, shedding light on its multifaceted impact on personal growth and societal progress. Read More Class 9th English Summaries.

Grooming of a Boy Summary

Grooming of a Boy Introduction:

This chapter is an extract from a letter. It was written by Abraham Lincoln to his son’s teacher. In this letter, Lincoln wants the teacher to instill some special qualities in his son. He lists those qualities in this letter. He wants the teacher to teach his son how to behave in different situations. He wants his son to be respectful to others. Lincoln wants that his son should grow into a wise, intelligent, brave and patient person. He wants that his son should be able to decide his own path instead of following the crowd.

Grooming of a Boy Summary in English

This chapter is an extract from a letter. The letter was written by Abraham Lincoln to his son’s teacher. In this letter, Lincoln lists some of the things he wants the teacher to teach his son :

The boy should be taught that all men are not just, and all men are not true. But it is also true that for every scoundrel, there is a hero. For every selfish politician, there is a dedicated leader. For every enemy, there is a friend. He should learn that a dollar earned is of far more value than five found. He should learn to take his defeat as well as victory in an honourable fashion. He should keep away from envy. He should learn the secret of soft laughter. He should learn that the bullies’ are the easiest to defeat.

He should learn about the wonderful world of books, but he should also find time to think about the beauties and mysteries of nature. He should learn that it is far more honourable to fail than to cheat. He should have faith in his own ideas, even if everyone tells him they are wrong. He should learn to be gentle with the gentle, and tough with the tough. He should not follow the crowd or the beaten path of success. He should have the strength to decide his own path. He should listen to all men, but should be able to sift the good from the bad. He should accept only what is good.

Summary Grooming of a Boy 

He should learn to laugh even when he is sad. He should learn that there is no shame in honest tears. He should learn to scoff at cynics and to beware of those who speak too sweetly. He should learn that he could charge the highest price for his body and mind, but he should never sell his heart and soul. He should not listen to the howling mob. If he thinks he is right, he should stand firmly and fight bravely.

He should always have sublime faith in himself because only then he can have sublime faith in mankind. He should have the courage to be impatient and the patience to be brave. At the end, Lincoln tells the teacher that he should treat his son gently, but he shouldn’t cuddle him. He says that only the test of fire makes fine steel. Lincoln calls his son a fine little fellow’. Lincoln knows that it is a big task for the teacher to make his son what he wants him to be. But he requests the teacher to do what he can in this respect.
The Silver Box Summary

Have you ever been drawn into a web of mystery and intrigue? Sir Arthur Conan Doyle’s captivating tale, “The Dying Detective,” does just that. This article delves into the suspenseful world of this Sherlock Holmes adventure, where deception, manipulation, and ultimate revelation take center stage. Read More Class 10th English Summaries.

The Dying Detective Summary

The Dying Detective Introduction:

Sherlock Holmes was a detective. He had a friend named Dr Watson. One day, Holmes’ landlady came to Watson’s house and told him that Holmes was critically ill. Watson lost no time in coming to the flat where Holmes lived. He found Holmes lying in bed and feeling very restless. He tried to know about Holmes’ disease and its symptoms. But Holmes didn’t let Watson come near him. He said that it was a horribly contagious disease and Watson knew nothing about it. So he asked Watson to fetch one Mr. Culverton Smith who, he said, had all the knowledge of this disease. Then he told him to come back to him before Mr. Smith reached there. “This is very important,” he said. “Make any excuse so as not to come back with him. Don’t forget, Watson.”

Watson met Mr. Smith and told him about Holmes’ trouble. Mr. Smith at once agreed to go with Watson. But Watson remembered what Holmes had said. So he made an excuse that he had another appointment. When Watson came back, Holmes asked him to go to another room. While Watson was hiding there, he heard the footsteps upon the stairs.

Summary of The Dying Detective

Then he heard the opening and closing of the door. It was Mr. Smith who had come into the room. He felt quite delighted on seeing Holmes in a critical condition. Holmes was the only person who knew that Mr. Smith had killed his nephew Victor, but he had not been able to prove it. Now seeing Holmes dying, Smith confesses it to him that Victor had died the same way Holmes was dying now. He confesses that he had sent Holmes an ivory box by post. The box contained a killer spring. While talking thus, Mr. Smith picks up the box and puts it into his pocket.

At once, Holmes gives up his pretence of a dying man. He applauds his successful acting. This acts as a signal for Inspector Morton who at once comes in. He arrests Mr. Smith on the charges of Victor’s murder and Holmes’ attempted murder. Mr. Smith tries to deny his confession to Holmes, but there is Watson who has witnessed the entire drama.
The Last Ride Together Summary

Recent scientific discoveries have shed light on the ways in which “Plants also Breathe and Feel Summary” and communicate. Through a process known as transpiration, plants release water vapor from their leaves, akin to our exhalation. Additionally, studies have unveiled an underground network of roots and fungi that enable plants to exchange nutrients and information, suggesting a level of interconnectedness that parallels complex ecosystems. Read More Class 9th English Summaries.

Plants also Breathe and Feel Summary

Plants also Breathe and Feel Introduction:

Sir Jagdish Chandra Bose was a well-known Indian scientist. He studied animal and plant life. He proved that plants could feel and hear like human beings. To prove this, he designed and built a machine called ‘crescograph’. Scientists at the Paris Science Congress of 1900 were amazed to see this wonderful machine. Jagdish Chandra Bose made a name for himself and his country in the scientific world.

Plants also Breathe and Feel Summary in English

Sir Jagdish Chandra Bose was a well-known Indian scientist. He was born in 1858 in a village in Bengal. He studied Physics at Calcutta (Kolkata) University. Then he went to England for further studies. He graduated from Cambridge and returned to India. He was appointed Professor of Physics in Presidency College, Calcutta (Kolkata).

In those days of British rule, an Indian usually received two-thirds of the salary paid to a European Professor. Jagdish Chandra Bose was given only half of a European Professor’s salary as his appointment was a temporary one. Sir J.C. Bose was a man of principles. He could not bear this injustice. He refused to touch any part of his salary for three years. In the three-year struggle between Bose and the government, Bose was victorious.

Summary of Plants also Breathe and Feel

J. C. Bose now began his experiments. His work made him famous all over the world. He had been interested in animal and plant life since boyhood. He noticed that his wireless receiver showed signs of ‘tiredness’ after it had been in use for some time. But it regained its power after “rest”.

Jagdish Chandra Bose realised that there was a similarity in the behaviour of living and non-living things. He said that plants and animals had a life of their own and could become ‘tired’, ‘depressed or ‘happy’. People laughed at him. They did not take him seriously.

In order to prove that he was right, Jagdish Chandra Bose built a machine called ‘crescograph’. This machine proved that plants had hearts and were capable of feeling. It also indicated that plants had a keen sight. They reacted to rays of light and wireless waves. When J. C. Bose displayed this machine at the Paris Science Congress of 1900, the scientists were greatly amazed. Thus, through his invention, Bose made a name for himself and his country in the scientific world.
The Gita and Swadharma Summary

Have you ever thought about the true value of a half rupee? In a world driven by materialism, this seemingly insignificant coin holds a wealth of stories and perspectives. This article delves into the depth behind “Half A Rupee Worth,” unraveling its meaning beyond mere currency. Read More Class 10th English Summaries.

Half A Rupee Worth Summary

Half A Rupee Worth Introduction:

This is the story of a rich rice merchant, Subbiah. In his shop, there were all varieties of rice. Subbiah was a very shrewd businessman. He survived all ups and downs of his trade. He had five children. He provided them good education. His house was quite big and his wife had a lot of gold ornaments. He would lend money to people on high rates of interest.

And if people failed to pay back the money, he would acquire their houses. During the War, his profits piled up. But after the War, the government introduced price and food control. But Subbiah also found solution to this problem. He would bribe the government officials and thus sell the rice in the black market. At his shop, he would measure short and thus save a considerable quantity of rice.

Summary of Half A Rupee Worth

He converted one of his houses into a big godown. He would sell his rice to his known customers only. One evening as he had just closed his shop, a person came to him. He requested him to give him rice worth half a rupee. At first Subbiah refused. But after much request, Subbiah agreed to give him only half a seer of rice although the government rate was three seers for a rupee. He took the coin from the man and told him to wait there. The man waited for Subbiah for three hours but he did not come.

He called at Subbiah’s house. Subbiah’s wife opened the door. She became very anxious when Subbiah did not come by six next morning. Now Subbiah was looked for in his godown. They saw his dead body under the fallen bags of rice. There was a half-rupee coin in his hand.
The Abominable Snowman Summary

In this summary, we’ll explore the art of time budgeting, uncovering strategies to optimize productivity, reduce stress, and achieve a harmonious balance between work and personal pursuits. Read More Class 9th English Summaries.

Budgeting Your Time Summary

Budgeting Your Time Introduction:

In this chapter, the writer brings out the importance of budgeting our time. We have to budget a thing if its availability is limited in relation to its expenditure. The time at our disposal is also very limited. But the work we have to do in our life is very long. Therefore, we must budget our time. We have to take notice of every moment that is passing. Present is the most important time to do a thing. Time once lost can never be regained. Therefore, we must be punctual in our life. Every moment is precious. Those who forget it, have to repent later when no remedy is possible.

Budgeting Your Time Summary in English

Money is said to be the most important thing in life. Money makes the mare go. The power of money is great, but the power of time is still greater. Money once lost can be regained. But time once lost is lost for ever. If you do not make the best use of time, you are sure to be doomed. There come some moments in life that can make or mar a person’s whole future. We must take notice of such moments.

They are very precious. One must act in time before it is too late. Those who take no notice of time, have to repent later when there is no remedy. Every second in life is important. Therefore, we must save every second and thus make the best use of time. Man’s life is very short. But he has a lot to do. Every moment is taking us nearer to the grave. Therefore, we must make the best use of our time.

We must be punctual in all our activities. Those who are behind time, are left behind in their life also. An opportunity missed once is missed for ever. It is no use crying over spilt milk. We should not blame the stars when we are ourselves responsible for our failure. Once Yaksha, a god, asked Yudhishthira, “What is the best time for doing a thing ?” Yudhishthira replied, “Now !” The work in hand is the most important work to do. And the present is the most important time to do it. “Now or Never must be the guiding principle in our life. We should never put off till tomorrow what we can do today.

Summary of Budgeting Your Time

Life in the present age has become very fast. A slip of even a second can result in doom for us.. Therefore, every single second has its importance. Every moment of life is precious. Any carelessness towards the importance of time can prove very harmful to any society. Therefore, we must learn to budget our time. We can hope for a good tomorrow only if we know the value of today. Therefore we should never forget the value of NOW in our life.
Swami and Friends Summary

Do you ever wonder what it’s like to return to the skies after a long absence? The anticipation of takeoff, the view from above, and the feeling of freedom encapsulate the joy of flying. In this article, we delve into the exhilarating experience summary of returning to air. Read More Class 10th English Summaries.

Return to Air Summary

Return to Air Introduction:

The author used to swim in a pond. He was quite expert in swimming. But he could not dive from the diving-board. He had to take off his specs to go into the water. Therefore, he did not want to learn diving. But he was told that one should learn to dive and go underwater. In this way, a person could rescue anyone from drowning. To teach the author diving, his swimming instructor threw a brick into the pond and asked him to bring it out. When the author removed his specs, he could see only blurred figures.

Even then, he jumped into the water. He could not see the brick underwater. He found a brick-like object at the bottom of the pond. He dug it out from the mud. He had swum underwater too far. Now he wanted to come on the surface as soon as possible. He became quite afraid. Various fears came into his mind. He thought he might not reach the surface in time. He kept on going upwards. Suddenly, he reached the surface. When he put on his specs, he found that instead of the brick, he had brought an old tin box from the bottom.
On His Being Arrived at the Age of Twenty-three Summary

Summary of Mirabai, also known as Meera Bai or Mirabai Kanwar, was a 16th-century poet and devotee of Lord Krishna. Born into a royal family in Rajasthan, she defied conventional norms and chose a path of spiritual devotion rather than a life of royalty. Her poetry, predominantly written in Rajasthani and Braj Bhasha, was an expression of her deep love for Krishna, often narrating her longing to unite with her beloved deity. Her devotion and the poignant simplicity of her verses continue to inspire countless souls across generations. Read More Class 12 Summaries.

मीराबाई Summary In Hindi

मीराबाई जीवन परिचय

मीराबाई का संक्षिप्त जीवन परिचय दीजिए।

मीरा का जन्म सन् 1498 ई० में जोधपुर ज़िला के कुड़की गाँव में राठौर वंश में राव दादू जी के चौथे पुत्र रत्नसिंह के घर हुआ था। बचपन से ही इन्हें श्रीकृष्ण से प्रेम हो गया था और वे उन्हें अपना पति मानने लगी थीं। सोलह वर्ष की अवस्था में इनका विवाह राणा सांगा के बड़े पुत्र भोजराज से हो गया था। सन् 1518 में राणा भोजराज ने एक युद्ध में वीरगति प्राप्त की। विधवा मीरा ने अपना समय श्री कृष्ण की भक्ति में लगा दिया। राजघराने की होते हुए भी मीरा साधु-सन्तों के साथ भजन-कीर्तन करती रही। अन्त में वे घर-बार छोड़कर द्वारिका चली गईं। यहीं सन् 1573 में उनका देहान्त हो गया। मीरा द्वारा लिखित कुल सात ग्रन्थ उपलब्ध हैं जिनमें ‘पदावली’ सबसे प्रसिद्ध है। अन्य रचनाओं में नरसी रो माहेरो, गीत गोबिंद की टीका, राग गोबिंद तथा सोरठा के पद अधिक प्रसिद्ध हैं।

Mirabai Poems Summary

मीराबाई पदों का सार

मीराबाई द्वारा रचित चार पद संकलित हैं। प्रथम पद ‘ब्रजभूमि’ में वृंदावन की पवित्रता का वर्णन किया गया है जहाँ घर-घर में तुलसी और ठाकुर जी की पूजा होती है, कृष्ण जी के दर्शन होते हैं, यमुना जी बहती हैं तथा दूध-दही का भोजन है। वहाँ रत्नसिंहासन पर कृष्ण जी विराजते हैं तथा उनकी मुरली का शब्द सुन कर राधा कुंज-कुंज में विचरण करती है। दूसरा पद ‘समर्पण’ का है जिसमें मीरा स्वयं को श्रीकृष्ण के विरह में व्याकुल होकर उनसे मिलने की कामना कर रही है। तीसरे पद में सद्गुरु की महानता का वर्णन है, जिनकी कृपा से उसे संसार रूपी सागर से पार उतारने का अमूल्य मंत्र मिल गया है तथा चौथे पद ‘उपदेश’ में इस जीवन को क्षण भंगुर बताते हुए प्रभु के नाम स्मरण का उपदेश दिया गया है।

Within the verses of “Razia, the Tigress,” we are introduced to a protagonist who embodies courage in the face of adversity. The poem paints a vivid portrait of a woman who defies norms and expectations, much like the tigress who fearlessly roams her domain. Through powerful metaphors and evocative language, the verses bring to life the struggles and triumphs of a spirit unwilling to be confined. Read More Class 10th English Summaries.

Razia, the Tigress Poem Summary

Razia, the Tigress Introduction:

A tigress named Razia lived in a forest. She lived with her male companion and her two cubs. The cubs were yet too little and had not been given any name. The male, named Sheru, left Razia and the two cubs alone. (Perhaps he had been killed by poachers). He went away because men had cut down the forest and there was no deer, antelope or any other game to hunt for food. Now Razia was worried about herself and her two little cubs. She feared that one day some poacher would come and hunt her down and also her little cubs. Thus the poet tries to show how by cutting down our forests, we have harmed our flora and fauna.

Razia, the Tigress Summary in English

The tigress named Razia is now living alone. She has two little cubs. The cubs have not been given any name yet. Their father, Sheru, merely played with them a couple of days and is now gone. What a shame that he has left his mate and the two little cubs to suffer alone. (Perhaps Sheru has been killed by poachers.)

Sheru was an expert at hunting. He had a good knowledge of the winds and their directions of blowing. He knew how they flew over the hills and valleys. He knew the places where no wind blew during the night and not even a leaf moved there. The place was all still where he could lie hiding and waiting for his victim.

He knew what winds blew at what time of the year and what way they went. He also knew that the herd of deer would smell him out if they were on the down side of the wind and he was on the upper side. So he would keep lying on his belly in a crouching position.

Summary of Razia, the Tigress Poem

Sheru wanted to avoid being smelt out by the deer. He would keep crouching and would take a long circular route. He would keep himself hidden behind bushes and other small plants. When he became certain that the wind won’t carry his scent to the deer, he would spring up in a flash and pounce on his victim.

Clearly the deer had not been able to sniff the thick and mouldy smell of the tiger. Among people, this smell is known as tiger-scent. From among the herd, the tiger chose a stag as its victim. Using his claws as a giant club, he fell upon the stag and caught it.

The tiger caught hold of the antler’s neck with his giant claws. The antler fell dead at once. But now sadly the male tiger Sheru is gone. Now the people living around are no longer afraid of the dreadful tiger-scent. Now no pug-marks are ever seen on the floor of the forest.

In the absence of Sheru, Razia’s heart is filled with grief and fear. She fears that with Sheru gone, the wild hyenas (lakarbaggas) could chase her cubs like hounds and kill them. Thus how could she now leave her little ones alone and go hunting for their food ?

Thus the tigress Razia now lives in fear. She can’t leave her kids alone for fear of their being killed by the wild hyenas. She can’t go to hunt for flesh and bone as food for her little ones. But she has a still greater fear. The poachers can come again any time with their guns and kill the mother as well as her cubs.

My Father Travels Summary