Summary

“Once upon a Time” is a thought-provoking story that prompts readers to reflect on the delicate balance between security and human connection. It serves as a reminder that while precautions are necessary, nurturing genuine relationships and fostering trust are essential for a fulfilling and harmonious life. Read More Class 12th English Summaries.

Once upon a Time Summary

Once upon a Time Introduction:

This poem has been written by a Nigerian poet Gabriel Okara. In this poem the poet satirises (criticises) the hypocrisy and artificial behaviour of the modern man. He presents two contrasted pictures of human behaviour. In the past human beings were true, sincere and friendly in their relations with others. But now the situation is entirely different Outwardly man appears to be cordial and friendly, but in reality, it is a pose entirely. At heart, he is selfish and cunning. The poet himself has seen a change in his own behaviour with growing years. He sees innocence and purity in the nature of his son. He wants his son to help him get back his basic nature.

Once upon a Time Summary in English

The poet tells his son that there was a time when human beings were true and free from any kind of artificiality. When they laughed, they laughed from the heart. Even their eyes shone with the light of joy. But now, they laugh only to show to others that they are laughing. So, their laughter shows only their teeth. It is not an expression of real joy. Their eyes also remain cold and feelingless, as if looking not at the man in front of them, but at his shadow.

In the past, human beings were sincere in their relationship with others. When they shook hands with somebody, it showed the warmth of their feelings. But now that sincerity does not exist in human relationships. When they shake hands, it is a mere formality. While they are shaking hands one tries to pick the pocket of the other with his left hand. Thus, a handshake is no more an expression of warm feelings.

The modern man poses to be a good and happy host in front of his guests. When his friends and relatives visit him, he pretends to be happy over their coming. He entertains them and asks them to feel at home. He does so once or twice only. When the same guest visits him for the third time, the doors are closed for him.

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The poet tells his son that seeing this kind of behaviour around him, he too, has changed. He has now learnt to change his face, his expressions and behaviour like his dresses. Now he can pose well. He wears different face expressions for different places and occasions. He knows what kind of face he should wear at home, in the office, in the street, as a host and as a guest in a cocktail party. His smile changes according to the situation and the type of persons he is with.

The poet says that he has now learnt all kinds of artificial behaviour. He can laugh without being happy at heart. He shakes hands with others without any warmth of feelings. Now he can say goodbye to his guests when at heart he is happy to be rid of them. When he is not glad to see a person, he can tell him that he is glad to meet him. Similarly, when he is bored in conversation with someone, he can say that it was nice talking to him. Thus, he has become an expert in hypocrisy.

Summary of Once upon a Time

The poet is not happy with all this. He tells his son that he heartily wants to regain his old self. He wants to be true and sincere as he was in his childhood. Then he used to be like his son simple, sincere and straightforward. He wants to forget all those things which have caused a change in his nature.

Above everything else, he wants to learn real laughter once again. Now when he sees his laughter in the mirror, he sees only his teeth. They look like the poisonous and dangerous fangs of a snake. No real joy is reflected in that laughter. So he requests his son to show him how to laugh sincerely. He wants to laugh and smile as he used to when he was innocent and true at heart like his son.
Bharat Our Land Summary

“Father Returning Home” is a poignant depiction of the bittersweet realities of life and the passage of time. This summary delves into the evocative power of this poem, which captures the essence of a father’s journey home and the quiet reflections it invokes. Through its exploration, the summary invites readers to contemplate themes of aging, isolation, and the emotional complexities of familial relationships. Read More Class 12th English Summaries.

Father Returning Home Summary

Father Returning Home Introduction:

This poem has been taken from Dilip Chitre’s collection of poems. The title of the collection is ‘Travelling in a Cage’. It gives us the picture of a sad old man who travels to work by a local train every day in Mumbai. He does not feel comfortable in his environment. He feels lonely even in a crowd. His isolation is seen in his inability to have dialogue with his family or friends. He feels uneasy in his present. So the old man enters into the distant world of the past or into the world of his own dreams. The modern man seems to be alienated in a complex urban world.

Father Returning Home Summary in English

This poem gives us the picture of the poet’s father who is an old man. He goes to work by a local train. He stands in the compartment among silent daily travellers (commuters) in the yellow light. Suburbs of the city pass by and he does not see them. He has dim eyes. His shirt and trousers have become wet and soft. His black raincoat is dirty because of mud fallen on it. His bag is stuffed with books.

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The bag seems to be falling apart. His eyes are dim because of old age. Through the wet monsoon night, he is coming to his home. The poet sees his father getting off the train. He is coming alone. He looks like a word dropped from a long sentence. He walks quickly across the length of the grey platform. He then enters the lane where his house is situated. His chappals are sticky with mud. But he gogs on moving quickly.

He reaches his home. The poet sees his father drinking weak tea. He eats a stale chapati. He reads a book. Then he goes into the toilet to think over man’s disconnection from a man-made world. Old people feel that they are cut off from the rest of the world. He comes to the sink. He washes his hands. Some drops of water stick to the greying hair on his wrists. His bad-tempered children do not talk with him.

Summary of Father Returning Home

They have refused to share jokes and secrets with him. Now it is time for the old man to go to sleep. He listens to music on the radio. He dreams of his ancestors and grandchildren. He thinks of wandering tribes moving along with their animals from place to place. Probably the momads are entering a subcontinent through a narrow passage in the mountains.

Little Girls Wiser than Men Summary

within the ever-evolving landscape of generation, a symbiotic relationship is emerging among robots and those — a dynamic explored inside the narrative “Robots and people.” This insightful exploration delves into the intersections of human ingenuity and artificial intelligence, shedding light at the collaborative capability and ethical concerns that arise as these worlds intertwine. Read More Class 12th English Summaries.

Robots and People Summary

Robots and People Introduction:

A robot is a machine that can perform a complicated series of tasks automatically. In scientific stories, a robot is a machine that is made to look like a human and that can do some things that a human can do. These days more and more robots are being put into factories. Men and women who used to have the jobs are becoming unemployed.

Until the 1970s, there were many jobs that only human beings could do. Some of these jobs are dangerous. Working in mines or on building construction or with dangerous chemicals or explosives are jobs that it would be better for human beings not to have to do.

Robots are doing these dangerous jobs. More and more jobs are being done by robots. Robots are smarter than other machines. They are still capable of very simple tasks. Robots are not going to stay in the same place. Computers will get more and more complicated. Robots will have more and more abilities.

Robots and People Summary in English:

The United States is going slow with industrial robots. It is mainly due to the fear of unemployment. As more and more robots are put in factories, men and women who used to be employed would lose their jobs. Until the 1970s there were many jobs that only human beings could do.

Some of the jobs that only human beings can do are dangerous. Working in mines, or on building construction, or with dangerous chemicals or explosives or under difficult weather conditions all are jobs that it would be better for human beings not to do them.

Some routine jobs do not require human brains. But doing them again and again makes them easy.to do. Robots are more complicated than any other machines we have ever had. They are complicated enough to do jobs that until now only human beings could do, but they are too simple for the marvellous brains human beings have. The robots, even though they are smarter than other machines, are still capable of only very simple tasks.

Robots should be allowed to do some simple jobs. After all, whenever there is an important new invention, some jobs are lost. When the automobiles came into use, there was a gradual loss of jobs that involved horses. The automobiles created many jobs. That is the way it will be with the robots too.

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There is a little doubt. A person who has been working on automobiles will require a different type of education. People with old style of jobs will need to be trained and reeducated. It will have to be done. Some old people will not be able to take retraining. Even with the introduction of robots, some sort of jobs will have to be found that they can do.

Eventually things will be different. Children going to schools in the future will be educated in ways of using and understanding computers and robots. They will grow up and be able to take the new jobs and no one will ever consider the old jobs for want of them. Everyone will be glad to leave the dangerous jobs to robots. Still there will be a transition period. So many people will be on old jobs. Others will be in new jobs. There is another problem that is going to confront us.

Robots are not going to stay in the same place. Computers will get more and more complicated. Robots will have more and more abilities. They will be able to do better and better jobs. It may not be possible that human beings are driven out of job after job. Robots will not take all the jobs. Robots are not as intelligent as human beings.

Robots work automatically under the directions of computers. Computers have been programmed by human beings. Computers are very good at solving mathematical problems. They can solve them much faster than humans can solve them. They can do it without making any error.

Human beings can do arithmetic. They know the rules but if they do it for a long time, it becomes boring. Human brain gets tired. Human beings begin to make more and more mistakes. The human brain is very good in other directions. It has imagination. It can suppose and wonder. It can make intelligent guesses. It is creative.

It can think up new and sometimes startling ways of doing or understanding things. Computers and robots cannot do any of these things. Computers and robots are far from being intelligent in the same way we are. We cannot programme computers and robots to be imaginative and creative since we ourselves don’t know how we do it.

The writer gives his own example. He writes many books. So he does them quickly. Even when he writes quickly, he does it in the right order. But he cannot programme his computer to write his book for him. He cannot programme a computer so that it will write his book as he wants it.

It would be much better if human beings continued to make computers and robots better at what machines can do most easily. We human beings should improve ourselves at what we do best through proper education and through a deeper understanding of how our brain works. We should try to make more and more people imaginative and creative.

Thus we may end up with two kinds of intelligence on earth. There will be the computer/robot intelligence and the human intelligence. Each one will work in a different way and each will co-operate with the other. Together the two intelligences will be able to do much more than either could do alone. Thus someday humans will wonder how they ever got along without robots.
The Gospel of Selfless Action Summary

The Barber’s Trade Union is an organization that represents the interests and rights of barbers within the hair care industry. It serves as a collective voice for barbers, advocating for fair wages, better working conditions, and professional development opportunities. Read More Class 12th English Summaries.

The Barber’s Trade Union Summary

The Barber’s Trade Union Introduction:

This is the story of a barber boy. He is the main character in the story. The author calls him one of the makers of modern India. He does a great act. He unites the barbers and asks them to open their own barber shops and not to go to people’s homes to give them a haircut or shave. Thus the upper-caste people are compelled to go to the shops for hair-cut or a shave. The barber boy is senior to the narrator.

He is also the narrator’s close friend. He takes the lead in all the matters. He is very fond of boyish mischiefs. He likes catching wasps. Then he takes the poison out of their tails and makes them fly by tying their legs with a thread. He knows how to make very good kites of various designs. Despite these talents he is very dull at school. Chandu adopted the profession of his father.

As he belonged to a low caste, people of higher castes made fun of him. In the end he decided to go on strike and stopped visiting people’s houses for giving a hair-cut or shave. The people of the village had to go to barbers’ shops for hair-cuts. Then he becomes the organiser of Barbers’ Union.

The Barber’s Trade Union Summary in English

Chandu is the barber boy of the narrator’s village. He has a place in the history of India as one of the makers of modern India. He has done something which has great significance. But he never had any idea about his greatness. The narrator knows him since his childhood. They used to play together in the streets of their village near Amritsar. Their mothers felt happy to see them at play.

Chandu was the narrator’s senior by six months. He always took the lead in all matters. The narrator always followed him because he was an expert at catching wasps, taking the poison out of their tails, tying their tails with a thread and making them fly. But the narrator used to be stung on his cheeks if he went near the wasp.

The narrator considered Chandu to be perfect because he could make and fly kites of very good designs. At school, Chandu was not so good at doing sums as the narrator because his father put him in learning the trade of a barber. His father used to send him to villages for hair-cutting. He had no time for doing home work. But he was good at reciting poetry. He remembered all the verses in the textbook.

The narrator’s mother did not feel happy when Chandu won a scholarship at school while the narrator had to pay fees to be taught. She constantly told the narrator not to play with Chandu by saying that he was a low-caste boy and he must keep up the status of caste and class. The narrator had no sense of superiority of his class or caste.

His mother used to put a red caste-mark on his forehead every morning and he put on uchkin, the tight trousers, the gold worked shoes and the silk turban. He wanted to wear clothes like Chandu. Chandu used to wear a pair of khakhi shorts which the retired subedar had given him, a black velvet waist-coat and a round cap which had once belonged to Lala Hukam Chand, the lawyer of their village.

The narrator envied Chandu the freedom of movement which he enjoyed after the death of his father. He used to go to the houses of upper caste people and cut their hair or shave them. When Lala Hukam Chand went to town in his carriage (buggy), Chandu went with him by sitting on the foot-rest of the buggy. The narrator had to walk three miles to attend his school at Jandiala. Chandu did not have to go to school. But he used to bring some gifts for the narrator.

Summary The Barber’s Trade Union

Chandu saw sahibs, the lawyers, the chaprasis and the policemen wearing English style clothes. Once he told the narrator that he wanted to steal some money from home to buy a dress like that of Kalan Khan, the dentist. He said that Kalan Khan was fitting people with dentures and even new eyes. Kalan Khan was a young man. He was dressed in a starched shirt, an ivory collar and bow tie. He wore a blank coat and striped trousers and rubber overcoat and pumps.

Then he asked the narrator if he, a barber educated up to the fifth class, would not look more dignified by wearing a dress like Dr. Kalan Khan. Chandu added that though he was not a doctor, he has learnt how to treat pimples, boils and cuts on people’s bodies from his father who had learnt from his father.

The narrator agreed with his plan. He encouraged him a good deal that his hero did. One day Chandu dressed up in a turban, a white rubber coat, a pair of pumps with a leather bag in his hand. He was going on his round and had come to see the narrator. How smart he looked in his new dress. The narrator told him that he looked marvellous.

Then he left for the house of the landlord to shave every morning. The narrator followed Chandu. He looked nice in a doctor’s dress. He reached the door-step of the landlord. Devi, the little son of the landlord clapped his hands to announce the coming of Chandu the barber in a beautiful heroic dress like the Padre Sahib of the Mission School.

Bijay Chand, the stout landlord was taking the name of God. He was just coming out of the lavatory. He called Chandu the son of a pig. He regretted that Chandu was bringing a leather bag of cow-hide into his house, and the coat of the marrow of some animal, and black shoes. He ordered him to get out as he was defiling his house.

Chandu told him that he was wearing the dress of a doctor. He ordered him to wear clothes suiting his status as a barber. Chandu returned. His face was flushed as he had been insulted before the narrator. Then he rushed to the shop of Thanu Ram, the village Sahukar. He had a grocer’s store at the corner of the lane.

The Barber’s Trade Union short Summary

When the narrator reached Sahukar’s shop. Devi, the landlord’s son began to cry at his father’s harsh words for Chandu. He abused Chandu in the foulest words for wearing the dirty clothes of the hospital folk. He told him to come back in his own clothes. Then only he will let him cut his hair.

Chandu felt very angry. He ran angrily past the narrator. He felt that Chandu hated him because he belonged to a superior caste. The narrator shouted after Chandu that he should go to Pandit Parmanand and tell him that the clothes were not dirty.

Pandit Parmanand came out of the landlord’s house. He said that the boys of the village had been spoiled by education. But the low caste boy has no right to such clothes. He has to touch the heads and beards of people in the village. He should not defile them. Chandu heard what was said by Parmanand. He ran away from there. He seemed to have some set purpose in mind.

The narrator’s mother called him and told him that it was time for him to go to school. So he should eat and go to school. She advised him not to mix with the barber boy. But the narrator was very disturbed about Chandu’s fate all day. On his way back from school, he called in at the hut where Chandu lived with his mother. His mother was an ill-tempered woman.

As a low caste-woman she could understand the upper caste people. She however liked the narrator. She asked him if he had come to see his friend. She also told him that if his mother came to know that he had come to this hut, she would accuse her for casting her evil eyes on his sweet face. She asked him if he was as innocent as he looked or if he was a hypocrite like the rest of others of his caste.

The Barber’s Trade Union Summary essay

The narrator wanted to know where Chandu was. She did not know where he was. She said that he earned some money by shaving people on the roadside. She also said that he was having some funny ideas. She added that he should serve the clients his father used to serve. He is only a boy. She told the narrator that she will tell him that his friend wanted to play with him. He has just gone up the road. The narrator took leave of Chandu’s mother.

Chandu whistled for the narrator in the afternoon. He came. He invited the narrator to come for a walk. He told him that he earned a rupee shaving and hair cutting near the court that morning as he had to come back on the back bar of Hukam Chand’s carriage early. In the afternoon, he should have earned more.

He told the narrator that he was going to teach a lesson to the caste conscious idiots. He was going on strike. He will not go to their houses to attend to them. He was going to buy a Japanese bicycle for five rupees. He shall learn to ride it.

Then he will go to town every day. He will ride the bicycle with his overcoat, his black shoes, and white turban on his head. He will look fine in this dress. The narrator said that he would definitely look nice.

The narrator supported Chandu’s ideas. Chandu bought a cycle with the money le had made by haircuts and shaving in the town. Then one day he started learning how to cycle. Chandu got on the cycle and the narrator started pushing him from the backside. Chandu could not keep balance and he fell down on the other side along with the cycle.

There were peals of laughter from the shop of the Sahukar. Then the Sahukar abused Chandu for being a rascal. He said that he would come to his sense only if he broke his bones. Chandu hung his head in shame. He told the narrator that he was worthless. The narrator had thought that Chandu would grip him by the neck and give him a good beating.

The Barber’s Trade Union Chapter Summary

Chandu did not lose courage. He decided to try riding cycle again. The narrator told Chandu that he would hold the cycle tightly this time. The landlord again said that Chandu would break his bones by falling from the cycle. Chandu however told the narrator that he was not bothered.

Chandu again began to try riding. The people at the Sahukar’s shop were watching with interest. The narrator thought that Chandu would again fall and come to greif. Chandu’s feet had got quite rightly on the pedals and he was riding smoothly. The narrator was running behind the cycle. The narrator did not see Chandu the next day.

For one or two days the narrator did not see Chandu. But on the third day, Chandu showed the narrator some men of the village sitting round the Sahukar. He showed him the unshaven faces of the villagers. They were all looking unclean.

Chandu told the narrator to run past the shop and call the elderly people beavers. The narrator did so. The peasants who had gathered round the shop laughed. The Sahukar shouted that the narrator should be caught. They said that the upper-caste boy was also with Chandu.

The Barber’s Trade Union essay

The rumour about the barber boy’s strike spread. Jokes about the dirty beards of the elders also spread. The landlord’s wife threatened to run away with someone because she was twenty years younger than her husband. She had tolerated him as long as he looked neat and trim. But now she was disgusted with him because his appearance had become shabby.

But Chandu’s mother was seeing prosperity because of Chandu’s increasing income. Then they thought of getting the barber of Verka to come and attend them. They offered him an anna instead of the two pice they had usually paid to Chandu. Chandu opened a new shop and he asked other barbers from other villages to come and start their shops.

He convinced them that it was time that the villagers came to them for hair-cut and shave. The Union of barbers was given a new name. The name was “Rajkot District Barber Brothers Hairdressing and Shaving Saloon”. The Union has been followed by many other trade unions of working men.
Polonious Advice Summary

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A birthday is an annual celebration marking the day a person was born. It is a joyous occasion when friends, family members, and loved ones come together to honor and appreciate the individual. It is a time for reflection, gratitude, and often, setting new goals for the coming year. Read More Class 11 Hindi Summaries.

जन्मदिन Summary In Hindi

“जन्मदिन” पाठ का सारांश

‘जन्मदिन’ नामक लघुकथा कमलेश भारतीय द्वारा लिखित है। इसमें भारतीय समाज में व्याप्त लड़के और लड़कियों के भेदभाव को दर्शाया गया। मन्नू अपनी बड़ी माँ के पास आती है तो वह अपनी इच्छा व्यक्त करती है कि उसका जन्मदिन मनाया जाए। उसके घर में उसका जन्मदिन नहीं मनाया जाता है। उसके भाई का जन्मदिन धूमधाम से मनाया जाता है। वह अपनी बड़ी माँ से जन्मदिन पर केक, मोमबत्ती और गिफ्ट लाने तथा मेहमान बुलाने के लिए कहती है। बड़ी माँ उसे वायदा करती है कि अब से हर साल उसका जन्मदिन धूम-धाम से मनाया जाएगा यह सुनकर मन्नू खुश हो जाती है।

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“Nurses” work in various healthcare settings, including hospitals, clinics, nursing homes, schools, and community health centers. They play a crucial role in promoting health, preventing illness, and providing compassionate care to individuals of all ages. Read More Class 10 Hindi Summaries.

नर्स Summary In Hindi

नर्स लेखिका परिचय

जीवन-परिचय-श्रीमती कला प्रकाश सिंधी की सुप्रसिद्ध लेखिका हैं। उन्होंने हिंदी-साहित्य के लेखन में भी अपनी कुशलता को अच्छी तरह से प्रकट किया है। उनका जन्म 2 जनवरी, सन् 1934 ई० में कराची (पाकिस्तान) में हुआ था। उन्होंने एम० ए० तक की शिक्षा प्राप्त करने के पश्चात् महाराष्ट्र के उल्हास नगर के महाविद्यालय में प्राध्यापिका का कार्य किया। बाद में दुबई के विद्यालय में प्रधानाचार्या का कार्यभार सफलतापूर्वक निभाया। सन् 1953 ई० से अब तक इन्होंने सिंधी-साहित्य को संपन्नता प्रदान करने में सफलता प्राप्त की है। इनकी पहली कहानी ‘दोही बेदोही’ मुंबई की एक पत्रिका ‘नई दुनिया’ में छपी थी। .

रचनाएँ-
श्रीमती कला प्रकाश के रचित साहित्य है-
उपन्यास-‘हिक दिल हजार अरमान’, ‘शीशे जो दिल’, ‘हिक सपनों सुखन जी’, ‘हयाली होतन री’, ‘वक्त विथियू बिछोटिषु’, ‘आरसी अ-आड़ो’, ‘प्यार’, ‘पखन जी प्रीत’, ‘समुद्र-ए-किनारे’, ‘औखा पंथ प्यार जा’।
कहानी संग्रह- ’मुर्क ए ममता’, ‘वारन में गुल’, ‘इंतजार’। .
काव्य संग्रह- ‘ममता जूं लहरूं (1963)’, ममता जूं लहरू (2006)।
यात्रा वृत्तांत- ’जे-हिअन्रे हुटन’।

साहित्यिक विशेषताएं-श्रीमती कला प्रकाश के लेखन की मुख्य दिलचस्पी महिलाओं से संबंधित विभिन्न विषयों में है। स्वयं नारी होने के कारण इन्हें नारी-संबंधी विषयों को प्रस्तुत करने में अपेक्षाकृत अधिक सफलता प्राप्त हुई है। इन्हें ‘आरसी-अ-आडो’ उपन्यास पर साहित्य अकादमी पुरस्कार प्रदान किया था। इनकी पुस्तक ‘ममता तू लहरूं’ को अखिल भारतीय सिंधी अकादमी ने ‘बेस्ट बुक ऑफ दा ईयर’ घोषित किया था। इनके पति भी लेखक हैं और इन दोनों पति-पत्नी को साहित्य अकादमी अवार्ड मिल चुका है।

कला प्रकाश का सारा साहित्य भावात्मक है। इनकी रचनाओं में जहाँ पाठक आत्म-विभोर होता है वहीं दूसरी ओर पाठकों का मनोरंजन भी होता है। उनके मन में समसामयिक समस्याओं के प्रति भावनाएँ भी उद्वेलित होती हैं। इन्होंने समाज के प्रत्येक वर्ग में व्याप्त विषमताओं को उजागर किया है। इन्होंने समाज में जागरूकता लाने का भी सफल प्रयास किया है। इनके साहित्य में भावात्मकता की प्रधानता है।

नर्स कहानी का सार

कला प्रकाश द्वारा रचित ‘नर्स’ एक श्रेष्ठ कहानी है। यह कहानी एक नर्स के सेवाभाव और ममत्व को रोगी के हितों में प्रस्तुत करती है। इसमें बाल मनोविज्ञान की तरफ भी संकेत किया गया है।।

महेश छः साल का छोटा बच्चा था। उसका आप्रेशन हुआ था इसलिए वह अस्पताल में भर्ती था। अस्पताल में मरीज से मिलने का समय छ: बजे तक का था। लेकिन महेश की माँ सरस्वती समय पूरा हो जाने पर भी महेश की जिद्द के कारण वहाँ रुकी हुई थी। वह चाहकर भी जा नहीं पा रही थी। महेश अपनी माँ को अपने पास रोकना चाहता था। सरस्वती वार्ड में इधर-उधर देखने लगी। सभी बच्चे महेश को ताक रहे थे। सरस्वती को याद आया कि कुछ देर पहले नौ नंबर बैड वाले ने उसे बताया था कि ऑप्रेशन के बाद महेश माँ-माँ करके रो रहा था।

तब सरस्वती उस नौ नंबर बैड वाले बालक को महेश पास छोड़ कर जल्दी से अस्पताल के गेट के पास आ गई। उसकी आँखों से आँसू छलछला रहे थे। वार्ड में नौ नंबर वाला बच्चा महेश को समझा रहा था किंतु महेश कुछ सुनने को तैयार नहीं था। वह तो बस माँ की रट लगाए हुए था। कुछ देर बाद वह बच्चा वापस अपने बैड पर चला गया। थोड़ी देर बाद चारों ओर खामोशी छा गई। इस खामोशी में भी महेश की मम्मी-मम्मी की हिचकी गूंज रही थी। सात बजे मरीडा और मांजरेकर नाम की दो नर्से वार्ड में आईं। वे दोनों आपस में बातें कर रही थीं।

मरीजों को दवाई खिला रही थीं। उनका बिस्तर ठीक कर रही थीं। चार नंबर बैड पर पहुँच कर मरींडा बच्चे से बोली कि उसका बिस्तर खिड़की के पास है और उसे बाहर का दृश्य देखना चाहिए न कि चादर में मुँह छिपाकर रोना चाहिए। मरीडा में बच्चों के प्रति अत्यंत लगाव और प्यार था। वह मांजरेकर से बच्चों के पास समय बिताने और बातें करने को कहती है लेकिन मांजरेकर यह कहकर टाल देती है कि साँस लेने तक की फुर्सत तो है नहीं बातें कब करेंगे।

नर्स कहानी Summary

दोनों नौं के जाने के बाद फिर से वार्ड में खामोशी समा गई। सभी के बैड एक जैसे थे। उनकी चादर तथा कंबल भी एक ही रंग के थे। बैड के साइड में एक कबर्ड भी था। उसे साइड टेबल की तरह काम में लिया जाता था। आठ बजे नर्स सूसान वार्ड में आई। उसे देखकर सभी बच्चों के चेहरों पर मुस्कान छा गई। नौ नंबर बैड का बच्चा तो उसके स्वागत में उठकर बैठ गया। वह बच्चों को दवाई पिलाने लगी। उनका बुखार चैक करने लगी। अंत में वह महेश के पास पहुँची। उससे प्यार से बातें करने लगी। उसने उसको बताया कि उसका भी एक बेटा है जिसका नाम महेश है किंतु वह अभी छोटा है केवल तीन महीने का है। वह उसे बहुत परेशान करता है। सूसान महेश को बातें बताती हुई सूप और दवाई पिला रही थी।

अपने ममत्व से उसने महेश को चुप करा दिया उसे दवाई भी पिला दी। महेश से रहा न गया और वह सूसान के बेटे के बारे में और जानने को उत्सुक होने लगा। उसने पूछा वह और क्या करता है। सूसान ने कहा वह अभी बोल नहीं सकता। लेकिन अगं, अगूं… गू, गूं आदि स्वर निकालता रहता है। सूसान बबलू के समान मुँह फुलाकर आवाजें निकालकर महेश को दिखाने लगी। महेश हँस पड़ा। सूसान ने महेश को कहा अब उसे जाना है जब ज़रूरत हो वह उसे बुला सकता है। दूसरे दिन जब सरस्वती महेश से मिलने अस्पताल आई तो वह बहुत विचलित थी कि उसका बेटा कैसा होगा? मम्मी को देखते ही महेश ने उसे गले से लगा लिया। उसने माँ से अपनी बहन मोना के बारे में पूछा क्या वह उसके आने पर रो रही थी ? माँ ने उसे बताया नहीं वह मोना को राजू के पास छोड़कर आई है।

तब महेश ने माँ को बताया कि सिस्टर सूसान का बेटा उसके आने पर बहुत रोता है। वह बहुत शैतान है। माँ के दिल पर सूसान का नाम छप गया। उसने महेश को बड़ा प्यार और दुलार जो दिया था। बाद में जब माँ को सूसान से पता लगा कि वह तो अभी अविवाहित थी और उसने महेश को सहज बनाने के लिए झूठ ही अपने विवाह की बात कही थी तो माँ उसके स्वभाव और बालमनोविज्ञान की समझ पर मुग्ध हो उठी थी।

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The School for Sympathy Summary among its students for the lame, the blind, and the handicapped. It teaches all the subjects taught by other schools but it differs from other schools in one important aspect that is, it makes its students good citizens. Read More Class 12th English Summaries.

The School for Sympathy Summary

The School for Sympathy Introduction:

In this essay the writer tells us about a new type of school. As the name indicates, its purpose is to create sympathy among its students for the lame, the blind and the handicapped. It teaches all the subjects taught by other schools. But it differs from other schools in one important aspect. It makes its students good citizens.

The School for Sympathy Summary in English

The writer had heard a lot about Miss Beam’s School for Sympathy. One day he got the chance to visit it. He saw a twelve-year old girl. Her eyes were covered with a bandage. An eight-year old boy was leading her carefully between the flower-beds.

After that the author met Miss Beam. She was a middle-aged, kindly and understanding lady. He asked her questions about her way of teaching. She told him that the teaching methods in her school were very simple. The students were taught spelling, arithmetic and writing.

The author told Miss Beam that he had heard a lot about the originality of her teaching method. Miss Beam told him that the real aim of her school was to make the students thoughtful. She wanted to make them helpful and sympathetic citizens. She added that parents sent their children to her school gladly. She then asked the writer to look out of the window.

The author looked out of the window. He saw a large garden and playground. Many children were playing there. He told Miss Beam that he felt sorry for the physically handicapped. Miss Beam laughed at it. She explained to him that they were not really handicapped. It was the blind day for a few while for some it was the deaf day. There were still others for whom it was the lame day. Then she explained the system.

To make the students understand misfortune, they were made to have experience of misfortunes. In the course of the term every child had one blind day, one lame day, one deaf day, one maimed day and one dumb day. On the blind day, their eyes were bandaged. They did everything with the help of other children. It was educative to both the blind and the helpers.

Miss Beam told the author that the blind day was very difficult for the children. But some of the children feared the dumb day. On the dumb day, the child had to exercise willpower because the mouth was not bandaged. Miss Beam introduced the author to a girl whose eyes were bandaged. The author asked her if she ever peeped. She told him that it would be cheating. She also told the author that she had no idea of the difficulties of the blind.

Summary The School for Sympathy

All the time she feared that she was going to be hit by something. The author asked her if her guides were good to her. She replied that they were very good. She also informed the author that those who had been blind already were the best guides. The author walked with the girl leading her to the playground. She told him that the blind day was the worst day.

She didn’t feel so bad on the maimed day, lame day and deaf day. The girl asked the author where they were at the moment. He told her that they were going towards the house. He also told her that Miss Beam was walking up and down the terrace with a tall girl. The blind girl asked what that tall girl was wearing.

When the author told her about the tall girls dress, she at once made out that she was Millie. The author described the surroundings to her. He felt that as a guide to the blind, one had to be thoughtful. He was full of praise for Miss Beam’s system of education which made the student sympathetic and kind. The writer himself had become ten times more thoughtful.

Arise, Awake Summary

Also Read: Ashwagandha palpitations

“Hariyali Teej” is a Hindu festival celebrated primarily by women in various parts of India. Hariyali Teej is celebrated to commemorate the union of Lord Shiva and Goddess Parvati and to honor the love and devotion between them. Women and girls observe fasts, wear green traditional attire, sing folk songs, and exchange gifts as part of the festival. Read More Class 11 Hindi Summaries.

हरियाली तीज कथा Summary In Hindi

हरियाली तीज कथा सारांश

‘हरियाली’ लघु कथा सुरेन्द्र मंथन द्वारा लिखित है। यह स्वदेशी भावना पर आधारित है। विदेशी सामान की चकाचौंध देश की आर्थिकता की नींव को खोखला किए जा रही है। लेखक विदेशी ब्लेड से शेव बनाता है उसका मित्र नरेन्द्र उसे कहता है कि विदेशी सामान खरीदकर हम अपने देश की आर्थिक स्थिति को कमज़ोर कर रहे हैं।

नरेन्द्र लेखक के पड़ोसी के घर में उगे पेड़-पौधे देखकर खुश होता है। लेखक कहता है कि दूसरों के पौधे उसे फल और छाया देते हैं। परन्तु नरेन्द्र उसका ध्यान पेड़ की जड़ों की ओर खींचता है। पेड़ की जड़ें, लेखक के घर की दीवारों पर सीलन पैदा कर रही थीं तथा घर की नींव को खोखला कर रही थीं।

लेखक का पड़ोसी अमीर और दबदबे वाला व्यक्ति है, परन्तु जब अपने घर की नींव के खोखले होने की बात आती है तो वह सोचने पर मजबूर हो जाता है। घर हो या देश जब नींव ही कमजोर हो जाएगी तो दीवारें तो गिर ही जाएंगी। वह अपना विरोध प्रकट करने के लिए विदेशी ब्लेड का पैकेट पड़ोसी के घर फेंक देता है।

మంగళ హారతులు

Amidst the challenges, “Hassan’s Attendance hassle” also highlights the significance of empathy and a supportive environment. The story emphasizes the impact of information educators and peers who extend a assisting hand rather than judgment. It portrays the ripple effect of compassion and guidance, showcasing how even a small intervention can turn the tide for a struggling pupil. Read More Class 12th English Summaries.

Hassan’s Attendance Problem Summary

Hassan’s Attendance Problem Introduction:

This lesson has been written by Sudha Murthy who is the wife of a big owner of an I.T. (Information Technology) company. She used to teach computer science to students studying for their Master’s in Computer Applications at a Bangalore college. She interacted with many students. She could not forget one of the students. He was Hassan. He did not attend her class regularly. He was often absent. His attendance problem was serious.

This problem was brought to the notice of his parents. But they could not mend his habits. He met the teacher when there was a problem of attendance shortage. Then he gave the promise to the teacher that he would be punctual or regular in the future. For a few days he was punctual but then again he would be absent. He used to stand first in the class by preparing some expected questions. Even in the final examination he stood first.

He left college. His classmates rose in life. They got good jobs. Some of them became rich. But Hassan was lazy as usual. He got jobs at one or two places. His employers did not like him for his laziness and indisciplined ways. He had to leave the job. He became a salesman of computer software. One day Hassan met his teacher. She advised him to be disciplined and active and rise in life. He promised to do so. The teacher wanted to see him as a changed man. But old habits die hard.

Hassan’s Attendance Problem Summary in English:

The narrator (Sudha Murthy) was a computer science teacher teaching students for their Master’s in Computer Applications at a college in Bangalore. She came in contact with many students. She remembers some of the students. She remembers one of them as he was something very different from the others.

He was a very bright boy named Hassan in her first batch. He was tall, handsome with a very good memory. He belonged to a wealthy family. He was the only son of his parents. The narrator did not know about his presence in the class because he was hardly ever present. Once in a while he was seen if there was a class test or during examinations.

The narrator met him more often for attendance shortage meetings. He would beg for attendance in a moving manner. The narrator did not say ‘no’ to him. But sometimes she told him to be more regular and disciplined. He begged pardon of the narrator and promised to be more punctual from the next semester onwards.

The narrator was kind-hearted. She did not like his being irregular but she did not want to stop him from appearing in the examinations because of shortage of attendance. As Hassan was very brilliant, he used to get a first class in the exams. But it was his regular practice to beg the narrator for the attendance problem. The narrator was fed up with his attendance problem. She called his parents to the college and told them to mend their son.

They expressed their helplessness. Hassan’s mother told the narrator that Hassan spent all night listening to music and chatting with his friends. He slept at six in the morning. So it was not possible for him to come to her class in time. Hassan continued in his ways. He passed out of his course, as usual in first class. He was thankful to the narrator. He told the narrator that he wished that all teachers were like her. Hassan parted from the narrator. The narrator did not see him for a long time.

Several years had passed after Hassan left his college. One Monday, a man came to see the narrator. It was the afternoon time. The narrator could not recognise him. He was about thirty-five, fat, with a bald head. He had a CD of the software in his hand. He said, “From a window you can see the outside world but from the outside you cannot see all that is inside.”

The narrator often used this phrase in her class. So she was sure that he was one of her students. Hassan spoke out that he was the regular late-comer of her class. She at once understood that he was Hassan. She knew that all his class-mates had risen in life.

They had become rich. She thought that Hassan too might have done well in life. But he was doing a small job of selling high school software from door to door. Hassan admitted to the narrator that he was very irregular in college. The same habit continued even after graduation.

Summary of Hassan’s Attendance Problem

He used to get up very late and was very lazy. His mother used to get angry but he never bothered about her. He took up a job but continued with the same habits of going late to office and not being responsible. At college also he was careless. He prepared some important questions and got a first class. He often laughed at those people who worked hard.

Today those hard working class-fellows had become richer. He lost whatever job he took. No employer was willing to keep him. He lost one job after the other. The narrator told Hassan not to feel disappointed.

She told him that one may lose the battle but one could always win the war. Hassan then told the narrator that old habits died hard. She told Hassan that old habits could be changed. There is nothing that is impossible. She further said that excellence does not come by chance but by practice.

The words of the narrator encouraged Hassan. He promised that he would try to do his best to improve in life. He took leave of the narrator. She did not meet him after this meeting. She hoped to see him one day. Then she would find him happy and successful.
A Pair of Mustachios Summary

సాయి సమాజ తాంబూలము

beyond the theoretical framework, “thinking Out of the container: Lateral wondering” delves into the actual-world programs of this technique. It showcases how lateral thinking has been harnessed across disciplines — from enterprise to technological know-how to everyday challenges. The precis celebrates the those who dared to assignment past the familiar and embraced lateral wondering as a way to navigate the complexities of the modern-day world. Read More Class 12th English Summaries.

Thinking Out of the Box: Lateral Thinking Summary

Thinking Out of the Box: Lateral Thinking Introduction:

Thinking out of the box or Thinking outside the box or Thinking beyond the box means to think differently, unconventionally or from a new viewpoint. This phrase often refers to novel or creative thinking. The term is thought to have come from management consultants in the 1970s and 1980s.

Lateral thinking is solving problems through an indirect and creative approach. It uses reasoning that is not immediately obvious and involving ideas that may not be obtainable by using only traditional step-by-step logic. The term was coined in 1967 by Edward de Bono. Lateral thinking is more concerned with the movement value of statements and ideas.

Thinking Out of the Box: Lateral Thinking Summary in English:

In a small village in India an unlucky farmer had to pay a large amount of money to a village money-lender. The old and ugly money-lender liked the beautiful daughter of the farmer. So he suggested a bargain. He told the farmer that he would write off the loan if he could marry the farmer’s daughter. The farmer and his daughter were shocked by the proposal. So the clever money-lender suggested that luck should decide the matter.

He told the father and the daughter that he would put a black and a white pebble into an empty money bag. Then the girl would have to pick one pebble from the bag. If she picked the black pebble, she would become his wife and her father’s debt would be written off. If she picked the white” pebble, she need not marry him and the father’s debt would still be written off. But if she refused to pick a pebble, her father would be thrown into jail.

They were standing on a pebble-covered path in the farmer’s field. As they were talking, the money-lender bent over to pick up two pebbles. As he picked the pebbles, the sharpeyed girl noticed that he had picked up two black pebbles and put them into the bag. He then asked the girl to pick a pebble from the bag. Now imagine that you were standing in the field, what would you have done if you had been the girl ? If you had to advise the girl, what would you have told her ?

There could be three possibilities:

• The girl should refuse to take a pebble.
• The girl should show that there were two black pebbles in the bag and expose the money-lender as a cheat.
• The girl should pick a black pebble and sacrifice herself in order to save her father from debt and imprisonment.
• The girl put her hand into the bag and drew out a pebble. She did not look at the pebble. She let the pebble fall onto the pebble-
• strewn path where it immediately became lost among all the other pebbles.The girl admitted that she had done a wrong thing. But
• she said that if they looked into the bag, for the one that is left, they would be able to tell which pebble she had picked.

Since the remaining pebble is black, it should be assumed that she picked the white one. And since the money-lender dared not admit his dishonesty, the girl may change an impossible situation into an advantageous one. This story teaches us a lesson. The lesson is that the most complex problems do have a solution. It is only that we do not attempt to think in that direction. It teaches us to think out of the box or think laterally.

Lateral thinking is creative or non-linear thinking. It is thinking differently. It is doing something that might be novel and unconventional. in nature. There is another story that illustrates the use of lateral thinking. :A millionaire named Thomas walked into a popular bank in the middle of New York city. He requested a loan officer for a small sum of money dollars 5000. The bank officer asked for security. He offered his brand new Ferrari car as security.

Thomas left the bank with dollars 5000 and the bank employee took Thomas’ keys and drove the brand new Ferrari down into the bank’s underground garage. He assured Thomas that it would be perfectly safe there. After two weeks, Thomas returned to New York and returned the borrowed 5000 dollars plus the interest. They had found out that he was one of the wealthiest men in America. The bank wanted to know why he had the need to borrow 5000 dollars.

I Thomas smiled, picked up the keys from the counter and said if they could tell him another way he could have parked his new Ferrari in the middle of New York for two weeks for just 15 dollars and still get it back in top condition. After saying this, Thomas walked out of the door and the loan officer smiled a bigger smile.

De Bono explains that lateral thinking is concerned not with playing with the existing pieces but with seeking to change those very pieces. It is concerned with the perception part of thinking.
A Cup of Tea Summary

శ్రీ ఆంజనేయ దండకము

In summary, “Apana-Apana Dukh” in English conveys the idea of individual or personal suffering, emphasizing its subjective and personal nature. Read More Class 11 Hindi Summaries.

अपना-अपना दुःख Summary In Hindi

अपना-अपना दुःख कथा सार

‘अपना-अपना दुःख’ ‘सिमर सदोष’ की रिश्तों की संवेदनशीलता से जुड़ी एक लघुकथा है। पति-पत्नी दोनों एकदूसरे के दुःख कम करने के लिए अपना-अपना दुःख भीतर लिए रहते हैं। लेखक अपनी पत्नी से अपना दुःख छिपाने के लिए उससे नजर नहीं मिलाता। वह अपनी बेटी की सभी निशानियों को पत्नी की नज़रों से दूर कर देता है। लेखक के हाथ में बेटी की बोतल का निप्पल लगा है। उसे अपने अंदर कुछ टूटता हुआ लगता है। उसकी आँखों से आँसू निकलने लगते हैं। राशि उसके दुःख को अनुभव करती है। लेखक अपना दुःख उसे छिपा लेता है। इस तरह दोनों रात अंधेरे में एक-दूसरे से आंसू छिपा लेते हैं।